A level Chemistry

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  • Created by: Abilab
  • Created on: 25-11-16 15:29
What does an Atom consist of?
A nucleus- in which holds protons and neutrons, whilst electrons are arranged on the outer shells.
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Why does an atom have the same number of protons and electrons?
This is so that the charges can cancel eachother out to make the overall charge of the atom neutral.
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What are Isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element which have the same number of protons but different number neutrons
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Why do Isotopes have similar chemical properties, but different physical properties?
They have similar chemical properties because there electron configuration remains the same. They have different physical properties because the number of neutrons differ, causing them to have different masses.
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What is the mass number?
The number of protons+ the number of neutrons
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What is the atomic number?
The number of protons
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What is an ion?
An ion is a charged ion, in which the number of electrons is different from the number of protons.
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Relative Isotopic mass?
Relative Isotopic mass is the mass of an isotope compared/relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
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Relative atomic mass?
Relative atomic mass is the weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared/relative to 1/12th of the mass of one atom of carbon-12.
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The percentage abundance of isotpes are found using....?
A mass spectrometer
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State the stages of how the mass spectrometer works in terms of an isotope?
First a sample is placed into the mass spectrometer. Then the sample is vapourised and then ionised to form postive ions. After that the ions are accelarated. Heavier ions move more slowly than lighter ions, so ions of each isotope are separated. The
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What is the Mole?
The mole is the amount of substance in grams that have the same number of particles as there are atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12.
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What is Ionic bonding?
The strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositvely charged ions formed by electron transfer.
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When is an ionic compound at its strongest?
When the ions are smaller and have higher charges.
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When does Ionic bonding usually occur?
Between Metals and Non-metals
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Explain the melting and boiling point of ionic compounds?
Ionic compounds are solids at room temperature. Ionic compounds have high boiling and melting points because alot of energy is required to break apart the strong electrostatic force of attraction.
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Ionic compound electrical conductivity?
Ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity when solid because of the strong electrostatics force of attraction (compacted), therefore they are unable to move. Whilst when molten or (aq) it can conduct electricity as the ions are able to move.
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Why can ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents(water)?
Because the polar water molecules break down the lattice and surround each ion in the solution(separating them from there bond).
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What is a covalent bond?
Covalent bond is the strong electrostatic force of attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms.
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When does covalent bonding usually occur?
In non metals.
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What is the difference between Ionic bonding and Covalent bonding?
Ionic bonding is the transfer of electrons and covalent bonding when electrons are shared.
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What is a dative covalent bond?
A dative covalent bond is a covalent bond in which only one atom supplies the shared pair of electrons, ususally occurs when there are lone pair available.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why does an atom have the same number of protons and electrons?

Back

This is so that the charges can cancel eachother out to make the overall charge of the atom neutral.

Card 3

Front

What are Isotopes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why do Isotopes have similar chemical properties, but different physical properties?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the mass number?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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