What did Henry VIII's councillors do to show they wanted a continuation of peace?
Renewed the Treaty of Etaples in 1510
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What was the Holy League?
A joining of England, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, Venice and the Papacy in an anti-French alliance.
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Who was the Holy Roman Emperor?
Maximilian 1
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Who was Henry's father-in-law?
Ferdinand of Aragon
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When was the first invasion of France - what was achieved?
1512: Henry sent 10,000 men to SW France under the Marquis of Dorset but achieved nothing while Ferdinand used this as a diversion as he conquered Navarre successfully.
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When was the second invasion of France - what was achieved?
1513: Henry led a force to NE France. Won the 'Battle of the Spurs' (small victory) and the towns of Therouanne and Tournai.
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When was the war against Scotland + what was achieved?
September 1513: Battle of Flodden - King James IV crossed the border with a large force but was defeated by a smaller English force and was killed (along with much of the Scottish nobility) so infant James V was left on the throne.
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Overall: Military adventures of 1513
Very costly and Henry had to liquidate assets inherited from his father to pay for it, rumblings about taxation, renegotiated French pension was lost, Tournai was eventually sold back to the French at a lower cost.
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When did Ferdinand and Maximilian make peace with France?
1514
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How did Wolsey manage to ensure peace with France for Henry?
Organised a marriage between Henry's sister, Mary, and the King of France, Louis XII, and recovered the Etaples pension.
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Who took the throne after Louis XII died?
Francis I
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What did Henry do once Francis I took the throne?
He immediately seeked an alliance w/Ferdinand of Aragon but he died in 1516 and his successor, Charles V, sought an alliance with the French.
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What was the Treaty of Cambrai + when?
1517: Alliance between Charles V and Emperor Maximilian and the French (England = isolated) - peace between the HRE and France.
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How did Wolsey end England's isolation?
1518; Treaty of London. United Christian front against Ottoman Turks -> treaty of perpetual peace (non-aggression pact)
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What did the Pope's need for a Christian front mean for Wolsey?
Elected Papal Legate: Control over the English Church + superior status to the Archbishop of Cantebury
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What did the newfound friendship between England and France result in?
England agreed to return Tournai to France, the French agreed to pay compensation for England's loss and agreed to keep Albany (French heir presumptive to Scottish throne) out of Scotland.
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When did Maximilian die + who succeeded him as HRE Emperor?
1519: Charles V (Spanish king) elected emperor of HRE
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When + what was the Treaty of Bruges?
1521: Henry + emperor Charles V -Henry thought he could improve relations w/the Pope who wanted to reduce French control over N.Italy, believed he might gain more territory in France + marriage alliance between Charles V and Mary I (Henry's daughter)
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When did England invade France (again) after the Treaty of Bruges?
1522 and 1523, both campaigns achieved very little but at a great cost
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When was the Battle of Pavia, who won, outcomes?
1525: Charles V defeated the French in N. Italy and Henry tried to benefit from this suggesting that he and Charles launch a joint invasion (Charles rejected this)
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What were the consequences of the English invasions in France for Henry?
Henry had to back down (ego=bruised), his resentment towards the emperor was reinforced when Charles repudiated his marriage contract w/Mary, Wolsey's domestic prestige never recovered from this.
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What was the League of Cognac + when?
1526: Anti-Imperial alliance put together by the Pope to counterbalance the power of the emperor in N. Italy
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What was the Treaty of Amiens + when?
1527: anti-Imperial alliance between England and the French
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What effectively made the Treaty of Ambiens redundant + when?
1529: Peace of Cambrai between Charles and France. Henry blamed Wolsey and this resulted in fall of Wolsey.
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Why, by 1536, was the pressure on Henry's position reduced?
ooo
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What was the Holy League?
Back
A joining of England, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, Venice and the Papacy in an anti-French alliance.
Card 3
Front
Who was the Holy Roman Emperor?
Back
Card 4
Front
Who was Henry's father-in-law?
Back
Card 5
Front
When was the first invasion of France - what was achieved?
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