8: Henry VIII - Henry VIII, Government and Parliament

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  • Created by: Madisonxo
  • Created on: 24-01-19 15:10
Which two main functions of society remained during Henry VIII's reign?
1) to grant extraordinary revenue to the Crown. 2) To pass laws.
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What area of government remained outside Wolsey's immediate control?
The Privy Chamber
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What were the Privy Chambers courtiers called? How did they view Wolsey and what did he try to do to them?
King's minions - young courtiers who enjoyed Henry's personal favour. In 1519 Wolsey secured the removal of them + replaced them with his own supports but many retained their positions.
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What was the Court of Chancery?
Main court of equity in the kingdom - Wolsey (as Lord Chancellor) was responsible for overseeing the legal system - tried to use the Court of Chancery to uphold 'fair' justice.
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Problem with the Court of Chancery?
It became too popular which meant justice was slow as the court became clogged up with too many cases.
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When was the Court of Star Chamber established?
Act of Parliament in 1487 as an offshoot of the king's council to increase cheap and fair justice.
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When + What was the Amicable Grant?
1525 - Wolsey attempted to raise unparliamentary taxation to pay for war in France, v. unpopular + almost led to a rebellion.
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What was the King's Great Matter?
He required Wolsey to secure a papal dispensation for the annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon so he could marry Anne Boleyn.
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On what grounds did Henry want an annulment secured?
Book of Leviticus stated that a man should not marry his brother's widow, but Catherine said her marriage to Arthur had not been consummated and therefore this did not apply.
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What was canon law?
Church law
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What did Catherine do to try and keep her marriage from being annulled?
She appealed to the pope, in accordance with canon law.
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Fall of Wolsey?
Arrested in Nov 1530 and was going to be executed but died beforehand.
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Who was Wolsey's successor + when?
1532 - Thomas Cromwell became chief minister
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How had the church become weaker by the time Cromwell had to secure the Break with Rome?
Weakened by humanist criticism (Colet, Erasmus), 1528: legal supremacy had been challenged by lawyer Christopher St German who asserted the superiority of English law over canon law, intellectual justifications such as the Collectanea Satis Copiosa.
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What was the Collectanea Satis Copiosa?
Justification of the king's divorce on the basis of legal + historical principles compiled by Thomas Cranmer and Edward Foxe.
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When was the clergy accused of praemunire + what was the effect of this?
1531 - Forced the clergy to acknowledge that the king was the "protector and Supreme head of the English Church" so far as the "law of Christ allowed".
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When was the Act of Conditional Restraints + What were its effects?
1532 - Conditionally witheld the 1st years income from the office of the bishop which the papacy had traditionally enjoyed (to pressure the papacy)
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When was the formal submission of the Clergy to Henry VIII?
1532 - provoked the resignation of Sir Thomas More as Lord Chancellor
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When did Anne Boleyn and Henry get married?
In January 1533, according to Catholic law it was invalid.
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When was Henry's marriage to Catherine annulled?
May 1533 by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer
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When was Princess Elizabeth born?
September 1533
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What was the Act in Restraint of Appeals?
April 1533: Founded on evidence from the collectanea, declared that the monarch possessed an imperial jurisdiction which was not subject to any other foreign power (i.e. the papacy) + appeals could not be made to the pope (Catherine could not appeal)
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What was the Act of Supremacy?
Nov 1534: Gave legislative force to royal supremacy. This act effectively accomplished the Break with Rome.
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What was the Act of Succession?
1534: Declared that Henry's marriage to Catherine was void, succession should be vested in his children with Anne, to deny Henry's marriage to Anne was illegitimate is treason
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What was the Act Annexing First Fruits and Tenths to the Crown?
Nov 1534: Annates, paid by a bishop, must now be paid to the Crown.
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What was the dissolution of monasteries?
Began in 1536, finished in 1542: the dissolution ensured that a vast majority of Church lands were given to the Crown + increased the wealth and power of the Crown
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What caused Boleyn's downfall?
Relations between Cromwell + Boleyn broke down. He convinced conservatives that Boleyn was flirtatious and was accused of adultry.
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When was she executed?
May 1536
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Who did Henry marry after Anne Boleyn?
Jane Seymour
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When did Jane die? When was prince Edward born?
1537
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What caused Cromwell's downfall?
He tried to reconcile Henry with the League of Schmalkalden by arranging a marriage to Protestant Anne of Cleves, this was v. unhappy and was quickly annulled.
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How did Norfolk exploit Cromwell's downfall?
His niece, Catholic Catherine Howard, married the King and Cromwell was executed on the same day.
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Why was Henry's relationship with Catherine Howard a failure?
Catherine had already been sexually active + there were rumours of an affair so she was executed in Feb 1542
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Who did Henry marry after Catherine Howard?
Protestant Katherine Parr: she was a danger to Norfolk as she was protestant
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Who was Edward Seymour?
Was brother to Jane Seymour (uncle to Edward VI) and was Norfolk's rival.
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Card 2

Front

What area of government remained outside Wolsey's immediate control?

Back

The Privy Chamber

Card 3

Front

What were the Privy Chambers courtiers called? How did they view Wolsey and what did he try to do to them?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was the Court of Chancery?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Problem with the Court of Chancery?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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