English King's expedition to north (Lothian) in 1091 appears to have revealed to him need to secure north west
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Background (II)
Since start of 11th century, most of Cumbria had been under governance of Scottish
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Background (III)
Southern part (from Solway to Stainmore) through was controlled by important Northumbrian family headed by Dolfin
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Background (IV)
William's aim seemed to put whole of north-west under his authority
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1092
William 'Rufus' took another large army to north-west, drove out leader there, Dolfin, and established base of his own.
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1092 (II)
Alongside building castle at Carlisle and repopulation of area with English peasants from south, William also appointed sheriff and Bishop of Durham to take care of administration.
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1092 (III) - Historian Frank Barlow argues:
"This was the beginning of one of William's greatest achievements - his restoration of the historical frontier with Scotland.
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1092 (IV) - Historian Frank Barlow argues:
"....After the conquest of Carlisle and death of Malcolm in the following year (1093), there began the advance towards the Liddel and Tweed [Myers] which had permanent political effects."
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1092 (V)
'political effects' Barlow mentions relate to way Rufus populated area across Cumbria and Northumbria with up-and-coming loyal supporters, to 'make perfectly sure that his kingdom should extend in the north-west to the Solway, First and Liddel'
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1094 (I)
Rufus did not directly launch campaign in north in 1094.
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1094 (II)
Most of years Rufus was embroiled in affairs in Normandy.
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1094 (III)
What he did do was instruct his newly appointed Norman leaders there to monitor activities of Scottish after death of King Malcolm.
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1094 (IV)
Donald Bane, new King, was - like his father and brother - no friend of Normans.
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1094 (V)
William was way therefore Donald would carry on tradition of invasion.
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1094 (VI)
Interestingly, Rufus never officially recognised Donald Bane as King
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1094 (VII)
Instead, Rufus gave his support to Malcolm's next eldest surviving son, Edgar.
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1094 (VIII)
But this did not impact on security English King had gained over border territories.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Since start of 11th century, most of Cumbria had been under governance of Scottish
Back
Background (II)
Card 3
Front
Southern part (from Solway to Stainmore) through was controlled by important Northumbrian family headed by Dolfin
Back
Card 4
Front
William's aim seemed to put whole of north-west under his authority
Back
Card 5
Front
William 'Rufus' took another large army to north-west, drove out leader there, Dolfin, and established base of his own.
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