6RM experiments

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what is an experiment?
a scientific procedure used to test a hypothesis
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what are the three types of experiments?
labatory, field and natural
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what is the method of difference?
an explanation of how the experiment is conducted
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what is a hypothesis?
a prediction of what the researcher thinks will happen or a statement which is then tested to see if it is true
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what is the dependant variable?
the part of the experiment being monitored
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what is the independent variable?
the part of the experiment that is being changed by the researcher to see if it will affect the thing being monitored
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what is an experimental group?
the group being monitored
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what is a control group?
the group that doesnt receive the experimental treatment
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what are the four parts of conducting an experiment?
make a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, collect data, summarise findings
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what are the 6 examples of experiments?
Rosenthal and Jacobson, Asch, Hofling, Stein and Friedrich, Darley and Gross, Rosenhan
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what is a labatory experiment?
an experiment which takes place in a controlled environment
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what are the strengths of labatory experiments?
easy to repeat because conditions are controlled, extraneous factors are less likely to influence results, ethical
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what are the weaknesses of laboratory experiments?
artificial environment, hawthorne effect, time consuming, expensive, unrepresentitive, unethical if covert
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what are the two examples of laboratory experiments?
Acsh, Darley and Gross
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what was Darley and Gross's experiment?
two groups of students were shown videos of the same girl. in one video she was poor and in the other she was rich. they were shown her taking a test and asked to rate her, the group shown the poor video said she would perform below average
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what were the strengths of Darley and Gross's experiment?
ethical, easy to repeat, large sample of 67, controlled environment
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what were the weaknesses of Darley and Gross's experiment?
chance of hawethorne effect, extraneous factors likely to affect results,
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what was Asch's experiment?
participants were put into a group of actors who were posing as participants. they were all shown cards with lines on them and asked questions about them. the actors gave the wrong answers to see if the participants argeed. 1/3 conformed
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what were the strengths of Asch's experiment?
participants gave consent to taking part, controlled environment, easy to repeat
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what were the weaknesses of Asch's experiment?
chance of hawthorne effect, participants were lied to, outdated as it was conducted in the 50s
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what are field experiments?
where the researcher observes people in their natural environment
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what are the strengths of field experiments?
natural environment, ethical if given access by gate keeper, interpretivists- can see meaning attached to environment, cheaper.
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what are the weaknesses of field experiments?
may have to pay to gain access, extraneous factors can affect results, difficult to repeat, unethical if covert
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what are the 4 examples of field experiments?
Rosenhan, Hofling, Stein and Friedrich, Rosenthal and Jacobson
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what was Rosenhan's study?
8 normal people went to psychiatric hospitals claiming to hear voices and acted normally. the doctors diagnosed all but one as schizophrenic and interpreted their behaviour as mentally ill
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what were the strengths of Rosenhan's study?
no hawthorne effect, included a variety of hospitals which were public and private
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what were the weaknesses of Rosenhan's study?
difficult to gain access and repeat, the people sent to check on them may have interpreted them differently, unethical as covert and participans were faking, only 8 participants
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what was Hofling's experiment?
people phoned nurses working on a night shift posing as doctors telling them they urgently needed to administer a suagr pill to patients which they thought was medicine. if they followed they broke 3 rules, all but 1 agreed.
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what were the strengths of hofling's experiment?
natural environment, people read from scripts, helped improve the nurses practice, drug was a sugar pill causing no danger
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what were the weaknesses of hofling's experiment?
outdated from the 60s, unethical as covert, small sample of 22 nurses, extraneous factors may have affected the results
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what was Stein and Freidrich's experiment?
92 nursery children were observed for 3 weeks and split into 3 groups. 1 was shown violent cartoons, 2 was shown pro-scocial tv, 3 was shown animal tv. each groups behaviour reflected the programme they watched apart from 3 which didnt change
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what were the strengths of stein and fredrich's experiment?
natural setting, no hawthorne effect, large sample, permission was given from the nursery
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what were the weaknesses of stein and fredrich's experiment?
difficult to repeat, hard to gain access, extraneous variables will have affected the results, sample was only in one school
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what was rosenthal and jacobson's study?
all children in an elementary school took an IQ test, 20% of students were randomly selected and presented to teachers as 'spurters'. a year later the 'spurters' had improved the most
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what were the strengths of rosenthal and jacobson's study?
natural environment, no hawthorne effect, helps to reduce labelling
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what were the weaknesses of rosenthal and jacobsons study?
involved lying to teachers, conducted again and didnt show the same results, outdated from the 60s, extraneous variables may have affected the study, only conducted in one school, hard to gain access, time consuming
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what are natural experiments?
where the researcher doesnt attempt to control any parts of the environment
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what are the strengths of natural experiments?
natural environment makes it valid, ethical if given permission
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what are the weaknesses of natural experiments?
extraneous variables can make it invalid, difficult to repeat, unethical if covert, can be interpreted in different ways
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what are the three types of experiments?

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labatory, field and natural

Card 3

Front

what is the method of difference?

Back

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Card 4

Front

what is a hypothesis?

Back

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Card 5

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what is the dependant variable?

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