6.3.1 - Ecosystems

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  • Created by: Evy15
  • Created on: 08-12-21 19:13
Ecosystem
Interactions between the biotic and abiotic components in a habitat
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Population
All the organisms of one species who live in the same place at the same time who can breed together
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Community
All the populations of different species living in the same place at the same time who can interact with each other
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Niche
role that a species plays in an ecosystem
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Biodiversity
Number and variety of living things
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Species evenness
relative abundance of each species
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Trophic levels
stages in the food chain ie. producers, primary consumers...
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Biomass
Mass of living material in an area or organism without water (water levels can fluctuate so it is not a true representation of the energy stored in an organism)
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How to measure energy content (biomass) of a living organism
1. Use calorimeter

2. Collect sample

3. Kill organism

4. Oven at 80 degree Celsius

5. Until mass remains constant

6. Land animals - gm-2, marine animals - gm-3
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Ecological efficiency
Efficiency in which biomass/energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next (%)
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How to work out net primary production?
= Gross primary production (total chemical energy store) - respiratory losses
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How does the energy transfer change from trophic levels (numbers)
Sun -> Producer: 1-3%

Producer -> Primary consumer: 5-10%

Primary consumer -> secondary consumer: 15-20%

...
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How much energy is transferred from the Sun to the producer and why is it this amount?
1-3%

- Over 90% of sunlight reflected

- Limiting factors of photosynthesis

- Light may not fall on photosynthesising parts

- Not all wavelengths absorbed
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How much energy is transferred from producer to primary consumer and primary consumer to secondary consumer and why is it this amount?
5-10%, 15-20%

- Not all parts of organism consumed

- Heat loss via respiration

- Parts of food indigestible

- Excretion
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Name some agricultural ways to increase ecological efficiency (9)
- Greenhouses

- Insecticides/herbicides/natural predators

- genetic modification

- fertilisers

- keeps animals indoors

- fences to restrict movement

- antibiotics and vaccinations

- Genetic engineering, selective engineering

- feed high energy
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Population

Back

All the organisms of one species who live in the same place at the same time who can breed together

Card 3

Front

Community

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Niche

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Biodiversity

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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