5ed labelling theory

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what is labelling?
attaching a definition or meaning to an individual or group
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what did Hargreaves say about labelling?
found the three stages of labelling; speculation, elaboration and stabilisation
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what is speculation?
the first guess a teacher makes about a pupil based on things such as their appearance, peers, enthusiasm, likability etc
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what is elaboration?
where a teachers label is proven right or wrong
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what is stabilisation?
where the teacher feels as though they know the pupil and they interpret all of their actions through their label
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what did Becker say about labelling?
teachers have an image of the ideal pupil which they compare their pupils to. he also says labelling is based on social class
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what did rist say about labelling as a criticism?
labelling is based on social class only and not ability based on his research of kindergarten pupils who were grouped depending on their appearance and families social class
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what criticisms are there of labelling?
it is deterministic and teachers are well trained not to label
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what would functionalists say about labelling?
labelling doesnt happen because all pupils are treated equally
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what is setting and streaming?
where pupils are separated into different groups based on their ablility and then taught separately
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what did Keddie say about setting and streaming?
teachers provide more knowledge to pupils in higher sets because they are seen as more capable of handling the information
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what did Ball find about setting and streaming?
he researched a comprehensive school and found that lower sets consisted of mainly working class pupils whereas higher sets consisted of mainly middle class pupils
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what would functionalists say about setting and streaming?
that all sets and streams are treated equally
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what is a criticism of setting and streaming?
some pupils in lower sets perform better than those in higher sets
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what is the self fulfilling prophecy?
when a label given to someone becomes true and they conform to their label simple because it was given to them
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what did Rosenthal and Jacobson find about the self fulfilling prophecy?
they randomly selected 20% of pupils who took a basic IQ test and told the teachers they would succeed the most. a year later they returned and found the selected students had improved the most showing there had been a self fulfilling prophecy
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what is a criticism of Rosenthal and Jacobson's study?
it was repeated again showing different results
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what did fuller find as a criticism to the self fulfilling prophecy?
she conducted a study on a group of black girls in london who were labelled negatively by teachers as low achievers which caused them to respond by rejecting their label and working hard to prove their teachers wrong
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what is a criticism of labelling?
not all pupils will respond to their label meaning there is no self fulfilling prophecy
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what are pupil subcultures?
groups of pupils who share the same norms and values which are different to the rest of the school
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what did Hargreaves find about pupil subcultures?
pupils who were labelled as troublemakers would form groups and praise each other for breaking school rules
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what did Lacey find about subcultures?
that they are created through differentiation and polarisation
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what is differentiation?
where pupils are separated into different sets and are taught differently
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what is polarisation?
where pupils become members of opposing groups from being placed in different sets
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what did Mac An Ghaill find about pupils subcultures?
found two types of pro school subcultures who were working class; academic achievers who were motivated to study academic subjects and new enterprisers who were motivated to study contemporary subjects
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what did woods find as a criticism to subcultures?
there are many types of subcultures other than just pro and anti school such as ritualism (pupils who go through school and follow the rules with little effort) and opportunism (pupils who change between seeking the approval of teachers and peers)
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what is a criticism of subcultures
they can form because of external socialisation
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what would functionalists say about subcultures?
they dont form because education creates a social solidarity
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what did Hargreaves say about labelling?

Back

found the three stages of labelling; speculation, elaboration and stabilisation

Card 3

Front

what is speculation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is elaboration?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is stabilisation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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