5CD Marxism

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what is criminogenic capitalism?
the view that in a capitalist society, crime is inevitable
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what are the three way capitalism causes crime?
1. poverty 2. advertising. 3. alienation
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what do marxists argue about laws?
marxists suggest that laws are made by the bourgeoisie for the bourgeoisie. we see the law oppress the poor but also enforce ruling class ideology about rights and wrongs.
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What did Chambliss find?
a vagrant is someone who travels for work and charges the price they want to. He found that in 1349 there was a law introduced meaning that anyone able bodied had to accept a fixed wage. The law labelled them as high way men to protect the rich.
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What did Gabriel Kolko find?
found that in the USA the major railroad operators asked the government to allow fixed prices for travel, guaranteeing profit. this said to prevent dominant companies but actually forced small businesses out of work.
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What did Graham find?
Looked at drug abuse an the prevention act 1970 in the US. He argued that governments refused to ban amphetamines because they made money from it. however, they ignored that it was causing people to become addicted.
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What do marxists argue about law enforcement?
Law enforcement biased in favour of ruling class.
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what are the ways laws benefit the bourgeoisie and harm the proletariat?
- criminalises proletariat.
- diverts attention from CC.
- divides working class.
-takes away people who can't work/ follow capitalist way of life.
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What did Reiman argue?
the more likely a crime is to be committed by higher class people, the less likely it is to be treated as a criminal offence.
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What did Pearce argue about laws?
work laws appear to help the working class but just give capitalists a face.
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What does Bonger suggest about individual motivation?
Capitalism is based on competition, selfish and greed. Crime is a normal outcome of these values- stress looking after yourself at expense of others.
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How does crime divert attention from capitalism?
Crime diverts attention way from the exploitative nature of capitalism and focuses on the frightening nature of few crimes- justifies heavy policing of wc areas.
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What are the criticisms of the marxist view?
1. ignores crime in communist countries.
2. ignores other equalities.
3. doesn't explain intra class crime.
4. now have social mobility- outdated.
5. low crime in advanced capitalist societies. e.g. Japan/ Switzerland.
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How would the theories criticise the marxist view?
1. Right realists- victimises criminal.
2. Pomo- choice in what you're influenced by.
3. feminists- crime against women? double deviance if women commit crime.
4. functionalists-crime caused by ineffective socialisation.
5. interactionist labelling causes
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What two views does neomarxism combine?
combine marxist perspectives in analysing how capitalism causes crime and an interactionist perspective when looking at the development of the crime and reaction that follows.
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What do Taylor et al argue?
people are not driven to crime through poverty, they have free will. those who commit crime are "fighting back against the system". They see them as "freedom fighters".
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What did Hall do research on?
Hall researched the increase in mugging in the 1970s to evidence his point that capitalism can cause crime but the social reaction is also important.
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What are the 6 processes of a complete theory of deviance?
1. wider origins- unequal wealth/ power.
2. immediate origins- context of act.
3. act itself.
4. immediate social reaction.
5. wider social reaction- who has the power to label?
6. effects of labelling.
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Apply these 6 factors to Hall's mugging example.
1. wider origins- AC most disadvantaged group.
2. immediate origins- AC youth rejected status.
3. Act- mugging.
4. immediate reaction- media outrage.
5. wider reaction- scape goats created.
6. outcome- feeling of injustice.
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Evaluation of new criminology
- Burke- theory is too general and idealistic to apply to crime.
-feminists- ignores female crime.
- left realists- criminals are not freedom fighters or robin hood, many victims are poor.
- Young- should look at effect on victim.
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What is white collar crime?
aa crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.
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what are the types of corporate crimes?
- financial.
- crime against consumers.
-crime against employees.
-crime against environment.
- state corporate crime.
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What is financial crime?give examples.
e.g. tax evasion and money laundering. includes money.
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what are crimes against consumers? give examples.
e.g. false labelling or selling unfit goods.
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what are crimes against employers? give examples.
e.g. racial or sexual discrimination, wages.
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what did Tombs argue about crimes against employers?
up to 1000 work related deaths a year involve breaking the law.
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what did Palmer argue about crimes against employers?
estimates that occupational diseases cause 50,000 deaths a year in the UK.
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what are crimes against the environment? give examples.
e.g. pollution of air, water or land.
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what are state corporate crimes?
when businesses and the government institutions cooperate to pursue goals.
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what did Carrabine argue about abuse of trust?
we entrust high status professionals with our finances, heath, security and personal information- can be abused.
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give an example of abuse of trust?
Harold Shipman- murdered 15 patients. obtained drugs through forgery.
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Why does Sunderland argue this crime is worse than streetcrime?
corporate crime is worse than other crime because it involves betrayal.
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How is corporate crime invisible?
-it is often viewed as unexistent or not "real crime".
-the media gives limited coverage to them.
- lack of political will to deal with them.
- often complex and law enforcers are understaffed and under researched.
-delabelling- isn't seen as crime.
- v
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what does the strain theory argue about corporate crime?
corporate crime is innovation- if they can't make legal profit, they will do it illegally.
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What does Sutherland argue about differential association?
crime is a behaviour learned from others in a social context e.g. if boss commits crime, employers will.
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What does Gels argue about differential association?
individuals joining companies where illegal price fixing was practiced became involved in it.
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what does the labelling theory argue about corporate crime?
act that counts as criminal has to be labelled-white collar crime isn't.
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What does Circourel argue about labelling?
MC are more likely to negotiate non criminal labels.
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what does Nelken argue about labelling?
"de labelling" businesses and professionals have power to avoid labelling e.g. can afford lawyer.
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what do marxists argue specifically about corporate crime?
it is a normal part of capitalism.
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What does Box argue about corporate crime?
capitalism causes "mystification"- ideology that corporate crime is less harmful than WC crime.
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What does Pearce argue about corporate crime?
some are caught and reported but this is only the "tip of the iceberg".
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What does Gordon argue that the three benefits of law enforcement is for capitalism?
1. punishing the wc demonises them.
2. imprisoning them stops them from revolting.
3. turns wc against each other.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what are the three way capitalism causes crime?

Back

1. poverty 2. advertising. 3. alienation

Card 3

Front

what do marxists argue about laws?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did Chambliss find?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What did Gabriel Kolko find?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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