5.7- The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

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  • Created by: Megan2413
  • Created on: 08-06-17 08:17
During the replication of HIV, as it circulates in the blood stream- to which protein on T helper cells does a protein on HIV bind to?
CD4
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What on the HIV particle fuses with the cell-surface membrane of the T helper cell?
Protein capsid
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Once fused, what components of the HIV particle are transferred into the T helper cell?
RNA and enzymes
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How is the HIV's RNA converted to DNA?
Using reverse transcriptase from the HIV particle
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What then happens to the HIV's DNA?
It is inserted into the DNA of the T helper cell in the nucleus
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What is then formed from the HIV's DNA using the cells enzymes?
mRNA which contains instructions for synthesising viral proteins and RNA for the new HIV particle
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Where does the mRNA go to produce HIV particles?
Ribosomes
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As the replicated HIV particles break away from the cell- how is its lipid envelope formed?
By taking a piece of the T helper cell's cell-surface membrane
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How does HIV cause symptoms of AIDS?
As HIV attach T helper cells to replicate, this means that it weakens the immune system making it more suceptible to diseases such as AIDS and the lack of T helper cells then result in these diseases killing the individual
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How do antibiotics work against bacteria?
They inhibit certain enzymes required for the synthesis and assembly of the peptide cross-linkages in bacterial cell walls which weakens them; hence they burst under osmotic pressure
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Why do antibiotics not protect against virsuses?
As viruses rely on host cells to replicate they do not have their own metabolic pathways/cell structures which an antibiotic could interrupt or destroy
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What does ELISA stand for?
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay
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What is the ELISA test used for?
To identify whether a patient posses antibodies to a HIV virus
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How is the ELISA test carried out?
- HIV antigen bound to bottom of a well plate - Sample of patient's blood plasma containing several different antibodies is added to the well. If there are HIV antibodies these will bind to the antigens. The well is washed out to remove non-HIV -->
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antibodies - Antibodies which bind to the HIV antibody are added to the well. These contain a sepcific attached enzyme. The well is washed and if there are no HIV antibodies all of the secondary antibody will be removed too - A solution is added -->
to the well. It contains a substrate which will bind to the enzyme attached to the secondary antibody to produce a coloured product... showing that the primary HIV antigen must be present hence the patient is infected with HIV
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What is the primary antibody in this example?
HIV antibody
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What is the secondary antibody in this example?
The antibody that binded to the HIV antibody
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What on the HIV particle fuses with the cell-surface membrane of the T helper cell?

Back

Protein capsid

Card 3

Front

Once fused, what components of the HIV particle are transferred into the T helper cell?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How is the HIV's RNA converted to DNA?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What then happens to the HIV's DNA?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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