5 and 6. William's diplomacy in Scotland and Malcolm's death

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  • Created by: Alasdair
  • Created on: 10-06-17 14:08
Role of King Malcolm
During Conqueror's reign, Malcolm Canmore (Scottish leader) raided north of England on three occasions.
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Role of King Malcolm (II)
Motives for raids were not clear but probably had something to do with general dislike of Normans.
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Role of King Malcolm (III)
Malcolm was married to Queen Margaret, granddaughter of Edmund Ironside and therefore had more affiliation with Old England rulers than with nobles from Normandy.
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Role of King Malcolm (IV)
It must have also been part of longer history of feuding over territory in Northumbria.
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Role of King Malcolm (V)
After Norman Conquest, north of England, apart from Newcastle on Tyne was largely ignored by William II mainly due to lack of resources to police it.
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Role of King Malcolm (VI)
Thus, borders between England and Scotland had become blurred and Malcolm would have seen opportunity to try his luck to establish boundaries as far south as he could.
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Malcolm's largely unsuccessful invasion attempts (I)
First attack in 1070 countered by Conqueror with invasion of Scotland in 1072. Malcolm was forced to submit to William and 'gave hostages'.
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Malcolm's largely unsuccessful invasion attempts (II)
In 1080 after fight with Robert Curthose, Malcolm was pressured to swear homage again, this time to Conqueror's eldest son. Also on this occasion a fortress was constructed at Newcastle to help consolidate Norman power in area.
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Malcolm's largely unsuccessful invasion attempts (III)
After Conqueror died Malcolm tried again to achieve his objectives: in 1091 he invaded north at time when William 'Rufus' was dealing with affairs in Normandy - Rufus responded by sending a large army to face Malcolm.
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Malcolm's largely unsuccessful invasion attempts (IV)
William's expedition was not without problems though - the 'ship army' that 'wretchedly perished' cast dark shadow over what was otherwise successful enterprises.
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Malcolm's largely unsuccessful invasion attempts (V)
Problems: Fleet carrying mostly grain from Wessex to feed land army reached Tyne only for its sailors to resort to some unsavoury behaviour when they came ashore (rampaging, robbed old woman of cloth she was weaving).
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Malcolm's largely unsuccessful invasion attempts (VI)
Next day when fleet sailed out of Tyne to head further north, it broke up having grounded on rocks and completely destroyed - incident meant land army was short of food which makes William's victory over Malcolm more impressive.
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Homage (I)
When Rufus and his brother met Malcolm at Lothian there was no fighting.
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Homage (II)
Scottish king realised odds were stacked against them and yet again agreed to swear fealty to his opponents.
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Homage (III)
Robert conducted negotiations on behalf of his brother and had some difficulty convincing Malcolm that he had o pay homage to Rufus, not Robert
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Homage (IV)
Scottish King seemed unaware of implications of Conqueror's death and inheritance issue.
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Homage (V)
Acceptance by Malcolm of William II's overloadship was part of treaty by which Scottish king made some gains.
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The treaty of 1091 (I)
In treaty, Malcolm was first assured his obligations, having paid homage, were exactly the same as when he swore allegiance to Conqueror and Robert.
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The treaty of 1091 (II)
Second, it was confirmed Malcolm should retain the 'twelve villages' previously given to him by William I, plus he was to be paid a yearly sum of £72 worth of silver to help maintain his household.
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The treaty of 1091 (III)
On top of this it was agreed Edgar Aetheling was to return to England with Malcolm.
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The treaty of 1091 (IV)
William 'Rufus' had therefore been successful in using diplomacy to prevent blood battle but victory was marred by loss of his sea fleet
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The treaty of 1091 (V)
English King realised despite 1091 treaty borders with Scotland were still not clearly defined, let alone secure.
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The treaty of 1091 (VI)
From this time on it became part of William's mission in north to redress problem of Scottish borders (security)
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The treaty of 1091 (VII)
It became inextricably linked with campaigns in Northumbria for simple reason that it was predominantly English region that was geographically closest to Scotland.
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The death of King Malcolm of Scotland (I)
In autumn of 1093, Malcolm appeared to have become frustrated by fact promises made to him by Rufus of yearly payments of money had not bee kept.
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The death of King Malcolm of Scotland (II)
For fifth time, Scottish King invaded England.
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The death of King Malcolm of Scotland (III)
But on 13th November, he and his eldest son, Edward, were trapped by Robert of Mowbray and Arkril Morel - Malcolm was killed
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The death of King Malcolm of Scotland (IV)
Death of Malcolm resulted in change of direction for governance of Scotland - Malcolm and his wife had ruled in mould of old Anglo-Saxon leaders with whom they and their decedents had formed close links
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The death of King Malcolm of Scotland (V)
Deaths of Malcolm and son opened up power struggle which resulted in Donald Bane, Malcolm's brother, becoming new Scottish monarch.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Motives for raids were not clear but probably had something to do with general dislike of Normans.

Back

Role of King Malcolm (II)

Card 3

Front

Malcolm was married to Queen Margaret, granddaughter of Edmund Ironside and therefore had more affiliation with Old England rulers than with nobles from Normandy.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

It must have also been part of longer history of feuding over territory in Northumbria.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

After Norman Conquest, north of England, apart from Newcastle on Tyne was largely ignored by William II mainly due to lack of resources to police it.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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