4.3.1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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What is an autotroph?
organisms that fix CO2 using energy from the sun or from simple chemical rections
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What is a photoautotroph? give some examples
autotroph that requires sun light - plants, algae and blue-green bacteria
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What is a heterotroph?
take in fixed carbon in the from of organic molecules
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What is photosynthesis?
the foxing of carbon dioxide and its reduction to carbohydrate by sing hydrogen using light energy
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How is light energy used in photosynthesis?
to produce complex organic molecules
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How is the energy released from the simple organic molecules made in photosynthesis released?
chemical potential energy // respiration - oxygen
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where does photosynthesis take place?
in chloroplasts
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Briefly outline photosynthesis
two stages // light dependent stage - thylakoid mem where light is used to split water // light independent stage (calvin cycle) in stroma- CO2 reduced to carbohydrate using ATP and NADH
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Outline the structure of a chloroplast
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outline the function of the inner membrane of chloroplasts
contain transport proteins which control the entry and exit of substances between cytoplasm and stoma
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outline the function of grana
provide SA for photosynthetic pigments, electron carriers and ATP synthase// for light dependent reaction// photosynthetic pigments are arranged int photosystems to allow max absorption held in pace by proteins
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outline the function of the stroma
surround gina, so products of light dependent stage can readily pass into stroma
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What is photosynthetic pigment?
molecules that absorb light energy
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outline the role of photosynthetic pigments
absorbs a range of wavelengths in visible light spectra/ each has own distinct peak of absorption/ other wavelengths reflected (green)/ accessory pigments focus light energy onto primary pigment/ transfer energy to chlorophyll a molecules
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Outline the role of chlorophyll a molecules
found at centre of photosystem molecules I and II// in the thylakoid mem arranged in funnel shaped structures (photosystems) // act together to capture as much light energy as possible
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How does a high light intensity affect photosynthesis?
stomata open - more CO2/ more excitation of electrons/ more photophosphorylation/ more ATP and reduced NADP/ more GP reduced and phosphorylated to TP/ more TP phosphorylated to RuBP
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How does a low light intensity affect photosynthesis?
GP cannot be changed to TP/ GP will accumulate/ less RuBP/ less CO2 fixed
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How does a high conc of CO2 affect photosynthesis?
more CO2 fixation/ more GP/ more TP/ more region of RuBP/ open stomata may lead to loss of water by transpiration may cause wilt - could lead to stress response which will cause stomata to close
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How does a low conc. of CO2 affect photosynthesis?
affects light independent stage only// RuBP will accumulate/ less GP and TP
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How will a high temperature affect photosynthesis?
little effect on dependent stage/ will affect enzymes in independent stage - photorespiration will exceed photosynthesis // ATP and NADPH are dissipated and wasted// reduces overall rate of photosynthesis// high water loss
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How do growers control CO2 concs? why?
burn methane or oil fired heaters// increase rate of photosynthesis providing theres no other limiting factor
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How could you experimentally measure the rate of photosynthesis?
vol of O2 produces/ rate of uptake of CO2/ rate of increase in dry mass of plants
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Describe how to experimentally investigate how light intensity affects photosynthesis
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Card 2

Front

What is a photoautotroph? give some examples

Back

autotroph that requires sun light - plants, algae and blue-green bacteria

Card 3

Front

What is a heterotroph?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is photosynthesis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How is light energy used in photosynthesis?

Back

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