4.2.1 AMINO ACIDS AND CHIRALITY 0.0 / 5 ? ChemistryFunctional GroupsA2/A-levelOCR Created by: upsidedown1004Created on: 08-06-16 11:41 What is a zwitterion? a dipolar ion which has both a negative and positive charge in different parts of the same molecule 1 of 14 What is an isoelectric point? the pH at which a compound exist as a zwitterion 2 of 14 How do R groups affect the isoelectric points of zwitterions? basicity etc. 3 of 14 How do slightly more acidic conditions affect the zwitterions of alpha amino acids? the -Nh2 group will gain a proton but COOH will not change 4 of 14 How do slightly more alkaline condition affect zwitterions? COOH will lose H but NH2 will not chnage 5 of 14 How are polymers of amino acids formed? what is their name? polypeptide/ condensation reaction - OH from carboxylic acid and H from amine 6 of 14 What is a protein? one or more polypeptides folded into a 3D structure 7 of 14 How are proteins broken down? hydrolysis / acid or base 8 of 14 Outline the base hydrolysis of polypeptides 2nNaOH produces 2n amino acids/ the H in the cOOH is replaced by a metal cation ion to form a carboxylate salt 9 of 14 Outline the acid hydrolysis of polypeptides 2nH2O with Hal catalyst/ produces 2n amino acids - water breaks the peptide bond 10 of 14 What are optical isomers? non-superimposable mirror images about an organic chiral centre 11 of 14 What is a chiral centre? four different groups attached to a carbon atom 12 of 14 Describe the shape of a chiral carbon tetrahedral - 2 on plane 1 in and 1 out/ 2 on the same plane are next to each other ... 13 of 14 what is stereoisomerism? same structural formula but has a different arrangement in space 14 of 14
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