4.1.3 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ESTERS

Describe the water solubility of carboxylic acids

polar molecules/ e from C atoms are drawn towards EN O - produces dipoles/ makes small COOh very soluble - form H bonds with H2O/ partially dissociates to a carboxylate ion and H+

1 of 22

Describe the reactions of carboxylic acids with metals, carbonates and bases

metal - MASH/ carbonates - salt + H2O + CO2/ neutralised by bases to produce salt and water

2 of 22

What is the carboxylic acid suffix when it is a salt?

-oate

3 of 22

Describe the esterification of carboxylic acids

heat COOh with OH in presence of strong acid catalyst/ condensation reaction/ reversible/ separates as it forms can be distilled/ larger must be reflux

4 of 22

why can't all esters be made from carboxylic acids?

aromatic compounds etc. will not react with COOH

5 of 22

What is the alternative method to produce an ester? explain it

acid anhydride/ much more reactive/ produces an ester and COOH/ alcohol always loses the H/ distilled/ no catalyst

6 of 22

Outline the hydrolysis of esters

split up by water/ acid and base hydrolysis/ both produce OH and another

7 of 22

describe the acid hydrolysis of esters

split into COOH and OH/ reflux and dilute acid [H+] catalyst / reversible/ needs lots of water to push

8 of 22

describe the base hydrolysis of esters

reflux with dilute alkali OH-/ ions from base react with ester/ carboxylate ion and alcohol/ can produce salts

9 of 22

What are the uses of esters?

sweet smell - perfumes/ adding scents to products/ food industry flavourings in drinks and sweets/ natural occurring esters in flowers

10 of 22

What are fatty acids?

COOH with long hydrocarbon chains/ can be saturated or unsaturated

11 of 22

What are triglycerides?

triester of glycerol (propane 1,2,3-triol) and fatty acids/ animal fats and veg oils

12 of 22

How do you name a fatty acid?

count number of C and any =/ COUNT FROM COOH/ if saturated anoic acid/ unsaturated enoic

13 of 22

What is the shorthand method of naming fatty acids

write n of C/ count n of double bonds - write number after n of C after a , and where they are in ( )

14 of 22

Describe the cis and trans nature of fatty acids

almost all naturally occurring FA that are unsat are cis/ trans are almost all product of human processing - hydrogenation to raise mp of solid fats etc.

15 of 22

What is the link between cholesterol and trans fats? what are trans fats?

increase bad cholesterol and decrease good/ made from triglycerides from trans FA/ man made

16 of 22

What is the link between cholesterol and sat fats?

increase bad cholesterol - animal products etc,

17 of 22

What are the risks of too much bad cholesterol?

clogs blood vessels - risk of heart attacks and coronary heart disease

18 of 22

What is the link between cholesterol and unsat fats?

decrease bad/

19 of 22

What is biodiesel?

renewable fule made form veg oil/ animal fats that can be used in diesel engines

20 of 22

Describe what biodiesel is

mixture of methyl and ethyl ester of fatty acids/ react triglycerides with methanol/ ethanol in the presence of KOH

21 of 22

explain the production of biodiesel

low grade veg oils/ waste form shops and processing/ mixed with diesel to make B20 as 100% required converted engines/ large areas of land needed for crops, developing countries may grow instead for £ and cause famine etc.

22 of 22

Get Revising

4.1.3 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ESTERS

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Similar Chemistry resources:

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Related discussions on The Student Room

Similar Chemistry resources: