4TM neo marxism

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How does marxism differ to functionalism?
conflict of interests- marxists reject the view that the social structure is a harmonious one based on value consensus. Instability and change- marxists reject the view of society as stable, and stress the possibility of sudden revolutionary changes.
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what is materialism?
the view that human beings have material needs such as food, clothing and shelter and we must work to meet them.
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what are the social relations of production?
things that assist people in their work and allowing people to work together (means of production)
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how does Marx's base-superstructure model of society work?
the ruling class own the economic base which shapes the superstructure and controls societies beliefs
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what causes polarisation?
the ruling class paying the lowest wages as possible, widening the gap between the rich and the poor
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what is alienation?
loss of control over labour causing separation and withdrawal through extreme exhaustion
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what are the 2 causes of alienation?
1.workers having no control over work and have to complete meaningless tasks
2. they don't see the end result of their labour and don't get work satisfaction
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how did Marx say a revolution would occur?
the classes will polarise and the working class will become so alienated that they will revolt against the ruling class
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how is classic marxism different to Neo marxism?
marx believed that the bourgeoisie maintained their power through the economy which controls everything in society which Neo-marxists disagree with
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weaknesses of classic marxism
ignores the growth of the middle class, ignores other inequalities, welfare state, workers rights, trade unions, minimum wage, we don't have to work, post-fordist society needs highly skilled workers not on a production line
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what are the 2 ways Gramsci said the ruling class maintain their dominance?
coercion - physical force
consent/hegemony - socialising the working class into accepting capitalism
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what are the 2 reasons why the hegemony will never be complete?
1. the ruling class are a minority - they must form a power bloc with the middle class
2. the subject class are in a state of dual consciousness and can see through capitalism
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how did Gramsci say capitalism will end?
the working class will form a counter-hegemonic bloc and revolt against the ruling class
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what are some criticisms of Gramsci?
Althusser - we are not free agents, a change will come from crisis not a revolution
It underestimates the role of the economy in society
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what are the 3 levels of society Althusser came up with?
economic, political and ideological
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what does Althusser say about Marx's base-superstructure
society is more complex and does not have a one-way causality where the base affects the superstructure. there is a two way causality where all levels impact each other
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what are the two types of apparatus in society?
repressive - compliance through force
ideological - compliance through manipulating ideas
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how did Althusser say a revolution would occur?
a state of crisis in capitalism
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what is a criticism of Althusser?
it stresses about the structures of society and ignores the dual consciousness
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is materialism?

Back

the view that human beings have material needs such as food, clothing and shelter and we must work to meet them.

Card 3

Front

what are the social relations of production?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

how does Marx's base-superstructure model of society work?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what causes polarisation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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