3BDS: Endocrinology 2

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what do the thyroid hormones do
stimulate an increase or decrease in the metabolic rate of many tissues
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what is too little and too much thyroid hormone called
hypo and hyperthyroidism
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what are the thyroid investigations
 Blood tests: TSH, T3, T4, autoantibodies
 Imaging- USS, nuclear medicine
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what is hypothyroidism caused by
autoimmune disease with thyroid auto-antibodies (-Atrophic thyroiditis
- Hashimotos thyroiditis)
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what are the less common causes of hypothyroidism
congenital hypothyroidism
iodine deficiency
drug side effect (lithium, amiodarone)
hypopituitarism
after DXT
infiltration by tumour
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hypothyroidism features
goitre, cold intolerance, weight gain, tiredness, hairless, dry thin hair/skin/flaky, constipation, nausea, prolonged menstruation, bradycardia, anxiety, irritability, insomnia
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Hypothyroid oro-facial presentation
• Goitre in neck
• Macroglossia
• Thinning hair
• Loss of eyebrows
• Peri-orbital oedema
• Puffy skin
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Treatment of hypothyroidism
- Replace thyroid hormone with thyroxine (T4)
- Lifelong therapy
- Adequacy of replacement checked with thyroid functions tests (TSH) and patient reported response to therapy
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what is the dental aspect for someone with hypothyroidism
Care with sedation if clinically hypothyroid
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what causes hyperthyroidism
Graves disease: commonest cause: autoimmune disease

Toxic thyroid nodule
Toxic multinodular goitre
Acute thyroiditis
Drugs: amiodarone
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hyperthyroidism features
weight loss, tremor, heat intolerance , tachycardia/ AF, goitre, finger clubbing,
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Hyperthyroidism orofacial presentations:
Graves eye disease
Facial flushing
Goitre or neck lump
Tremor or hands
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Treatment of hyperthyroidism
Suppress thyroid hormone secretion
- Carbimazole, propylthiouracil
- B blockers to reduce symptoms initially

Radioactive iodine 131
Surgery (less common)
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what are the dental aspects in someone with hyperthyroism
 Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism is a contraindication to the use of adrenaline in LA
 Carbimazole and propylthiouracil can cause taste disturbance
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what is too little and too much thyroid hormone called

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hypo and hyperthyroidism

Card 3

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what are the thyroid investigations

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Card 4

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what is hypothyroidism caused by

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Card 5

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what are the less common causes of hypothyroidism

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