39.Physiology, Homeostasis and Temperature Regulation

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  • Created by: kpaul1234
  • Created on: 20-05-21 21:19
State the function of Epithelial Tissue
are sheets of cells that create barriers between different compartments and frequently have secretory functions.
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State the function of Muscle Tissues
Muscle tissues contract to generate forces and movement.
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State the function of connective tissues
Connective tissues provide structure and support.
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State the function of nervous tissues
Nervous tissues convey and process information.
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Define an organ
A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
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Describe the structure and function of blood plasma
The liquid portion of blood, in which blood cells and other particulates are suspended
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Describe the structure and function of interstital fluid
Extracellular fluid that is not contained in the vessels of a circulatory system. Individual cells get their nutrients from this fluid and release their waste products into it
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Define a set point
The desired temperature, or reference point on the thermostat
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Define feedback
Information that is compared with the set point
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Define an error signal
Information that is compared with the set point
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Define a regulatory system
Obtain, process, and integrate information, then issue commands to controlled systems
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Define a controlled system
Activities that are controlled by neural or hormonal signals from regulatory systems
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Define negative feedback
Is information used to counteract the influence that created an error signal. Whatever force is pushing the system away from its set point must be "negated"
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Define positive feedback
Not as common, it amplifies a response (i.e., it increases the deviation from the set point). They tend to reach a limit and terminate rapidly.
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Define Feedfoward formation
- info anticipates internal changes and changes the set point
Ex : Hearing "on your mark" before a race
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Define thermoregulatory adaptations
Keeps us from overheating and helps us conserve energy (but it burns calories)
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Define acclimatized
animals metabolically adjusting to seasonal temperature change
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Define isozymes
Enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but have different properties, such as optimal temperature
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Define Homeotherms
Produce and maintain metabolically generated heat to regulate constant internal body temperature.
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Define Poikilotherms
Depend on external environmental heat; body temperature equivocates with the temperature of the environment.
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Define Endotherms
Produce and maintain metabolically generated heat to regulate constant internal body temperature.
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Define Heterotherms
An animal that sometimes behaves as an ectotherm, and at other times behaves as an endotherm. An organism that cannot fix carbon and uses organic carbon for growth. It acquires the carbon skeletons needed for biosynthesis by ingesting the same kinds of nu
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Define Radiation
Heat transfer via infrared radiation, from warm to cold
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Define Convection
Heat exchange with a surrounding medium, like air or water
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Define Conduction
Heat transfer by direct contact
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Define Evaporation
Heat Transfer as water evaporates from surface
- sweating
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Define Energy Budget
The balance flow of heat produced and exchanged
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Define the Thermoneutral Zone
Within a narrow range of environmental temperatures the metabolic rates of endotherms are at low levels and independent of temperature.
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Define Basic Metabolic Rate (BMR)
-basal metabolic rate
-metabolic rate of resting animal at a temp in thermoneutral zone
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Describe the function of brown fat
Tissue in neck and between shoulders of some mammals that is specialized for rapid heat production.
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Describe the function of Thermogenin
Thermogenin: uncoupler in newborns
-fat in hibernating mammals
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

State the function of Muscle Tissues

Back

Muscle tissues contract to generate forces and movement.

Card 3

Front

State the function of connective tissues

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

State the function of nervous tissues

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define an organ

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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