3. word processing

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  • Created by: mc8g19
  • Created on: 21-10-20 16:33
what is psycholingustics?
study of interrelation of between linguistic factors and psychological aspects, addresses what is in our minds we're talking, listening, reading and writing
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what is phonology?
pattern of speech sounds in language, particularly your own
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what are phonemes?
the smallest unit of speech sound, the uk has 44
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what is orthology?
the representation of sound by written symbols
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what are graphemes?
the unit of print that corresponds to a phenome
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what are semantics?
meanings of words and phrases in a particular context
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what is a syntax?
the way in which words we put together to form phrases
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what is lexicon?
a store of representations corresponding to words we know, like a dictionary but not organised at all, semantic meanings are stored elsewhere
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how many words does the average person know?
50,000
(Monsell, 1989)
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what is perceptual processing?
extraction of the shapes from a page or screen
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what is letter recognition?
a primarily visual processing function, helps with pattern recognition, e.g letter o is a circle
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what is a lexical descion?
saying if it is a word or a non-word, researchers can develop accuracy and latency
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what is word naming?
words are presented on screen, records how long it takes to name the word and process. could reflect shallow processing as may just guess how words are pronounced
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what is priming?
priming is combined with lexical decision tasks, given a prime and a target stimulus, first word is the prime. if the prime and the target share characteristics, you are more likely to influence response
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what is lexical status?
classifying a letter string as a non-word, takes longer than classifying as a word
Rubenstein, Garfield and Milikan (1970)
takes longer to say something is a non-word than words that are, suggests mechanisms establishing non-words are slower
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what is non-word legality?
the time to respond to an orthographically illegal string of words is shorter than a legal string of words
Stanners et al (1971)
consonants and vowels are put together, when CVC it is harder because word could be legal so needs longer to process
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what is word similarity?
responses to orthographically legal non-words which are similar to words are longer than responses to those that are dissimilar to words that are
Chambers (1979)
people had to say if words, either switch first two letters or change first letter, control
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what is repitition priming?
responses to words are quicker when they are primed by themselves than when they are not
Farbach (1974)
high or low frequency words, four blocks with blocks repeated each time, people got faster with the repetition each time
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what is semantic priming?
responses to words are quicker when they are preceded by a word that is related than when not
Mayer and Schvaneveldt (1971)
either related or non-related word pairs, quicker to say if it was a real word when they were related
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what is visual degradation?
responses to words which are degraded take longer than responses that aren't
Becker and Killison (1977)
see words that may be black, white or grey on white background
also related or unrelated words, those with the related word had higher lexical access
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what is word frequency?
the time to respond to a high frequency word is shorter than time to respond to a low frequency word.
Balota and Chumbley (1984) = shallow processing because much more likely to be quick with frequent word
Monsell et al (1989)
found that frequency effec
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what is word superiority effect?
takes less time to decide whether or not a letter appears in a stimulus is a real word compared to a non-letter word string
Reicher (1969) and Wheeler (1970)
The Reicher and Wheeler Paradigm
with letters you use bottom up but full words you use top down
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Card 2

Front

what is phonology?

Back

pattern of speech sounds in language, particularly your own

Card 3

Front

what are phonemes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is orthology?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what are graphemes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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