Horse that was able to do mathematical sums by tapping its hooves - later discovered that the horse was giving the right answers by watching the reactions of the people watching him.
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What is trial-and-error learning?
Thorndike's law of effect reasoning: gradually acquire response as a result of your history of reinforcement in that environment (associative learning).
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What is insight learning?
Period of reflection: ability to understand what to do without trial-and-error. E.g. Kohler & chimps.
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What are detour tests in spatial learning?
Direct route to goal is blocked & detour must be made to reach it.
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What did Kohler (1925) find?
Dogs chose longer route to food because they could see it.
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What did Poucet (1983) find?
Cats are able to solve detour test by moving away from the food to take the optimal route to the goal.
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What is tool use?
Use of external object as a functional extension to attain immediate goal.
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What did Chappell & Kacelnik (2002) find?
New Caledonian crows can bend a wire to make a hook to get food.
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What is serial reversal learning? (Mackintosh, 1974).
Learn to respond differentially to 2 stimuli. When task is fully acquired, reward contingencies are reversed, requiring the animal to relearn the altered associations.
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What are learning sets? (Harlow, 1949).
Discrimination between different stimuli is faster after many trials.
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What is conditional discrimination?
A discrimination in which the reinforcement of responding during a stimulus depends on other stimuli.
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What is transitive inference?
Form of inferential reasoning - if A > B, B > C, is A > C? YES
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is trial-and-error learning?
Back
Thorndike's law of effect reasoning: gradually acquire response as a result of your history of reinforcement in that environment (associative learning).
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