2.1 Cell Structure
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- Created by: E1em3nta1
- Created on: 10-01-21 23:25
What is a Prokaryote?
A simple organism made up of prokaryotic cells like bacteria.
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What is a Eukaryote?
A complex organism made up of eukaryotic cells like animal and plant cells.
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What is an Organelle?
The parts of a cell often seen under a microscope in cell ultrastructure.
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What is in an animal cell?
Cell membrane, RER, SER, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, lysosome, ribosome, golgi apparatus, cytoplasm and mitochondrion.
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What is in a plant cell?
Everything that is in an animal cell + cell wall with plasmodesmata, vacuole and chloroplasts.
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What is the structure and function of the cell membrane?
It is made of lipids and proteins.
It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. it also has receptor molecules to respond to chemicals.
It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. it also has receptor molecules to respond to chemicals.
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What is the structure and function of the cell wall?
It is a rigid structure made of carbohydrate cellulose.
It supports the plant cell.
It supports the plant cell.
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What is the structure and function of the nucleus?
It is a large organelle surrounded by the nuclear envelope. It contains chromatin and often a smaller structure called the nucleolus.
It controls all the cell's activities by controlling transcription of DNA.
It controls all the cell's activities by controlling transcription of DNA.
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What is the structure and function of a lysosome?
It is a round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure.
It contains digestive enzymes which digest invading cells or worn out components of the cell.
It contains digestive enzymes which digest invading cells or worn out components of the cell.
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What is the structure and function of a ribosome?
It is a small organelle which either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the RER. Made up of proteins and RNA.
It makes proteins.
It makes proteins.
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What is the structure and function of the RER?
It is a system of enclosed membranes with fluid filled space. It is covered with ribosomes.
It folds and processes proteins that have been made by the ribosomes.
It folds and processes proteins that have been made by the ribosomes.
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What is the structure and function of the SER?
Same as the RER but no ribosomes.
Synthesises and processes lipids.
Synthesises and processes lipids.
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What is the structure and function of the vesicle?
It is a small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm.
It transports substances in and out of the cell via the membrane and between organelles.
It transports substances in and out of the cell via the membrane and between organelles.
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What is the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus?
A group of fluid filled, membrane bound sacs. Vesicles are often seen at the edges of the sacs.
It processes and packages new lipids and proteins. It also makes lysosomes.
It processes and packages new lipids and proteins. It also makes lysosomes.
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What is the structure and function of the mitochondrion?
Oval shaped with a double membrane - the inner one is folded into cristae. Inside is the matrix which contains enzymes for respiration.
This is the site of respiration where ATP is produced. They are found in large numbers and require a lot of energy.
This is the site of respiration where ATP is produced. They are found in large numbers and require a lot of energy.
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What is the structure and function of a chloroplast?
A small flattened structure surrounded by a double membrane with addition membranes inside called thylakoid membranes. These membranes are stacked up to form grana which are linked together by lamellae.
The site of photosynthesis.
The site of photosynthesis.
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What is the structure and the function of the centriole?
Small hollow cylinders made up of microtubules.
Involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
Involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
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What is the structure and function of the cilia?
Small hairlike structures found on the surface of some animal cells. they have an outer ring of 9 pairs of microtubules with a single pair in the middle. (cross section)
It moves substances along the cell surface.
It moves substances along the cell surface.
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What is the structure and function of a flagellum?
Outer ring of 9 pairs of microtubules with a pair in the middle like cilia but longer sticking out from the surface.
Microtubules contract to make flagellum move in order to propel cell forward.
Microtubules contract to make flagellum move in order to propel cell forward.
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What's the difference between protein production in free ribosomes and ones attached to the RER?
Free ribosomes produce proteins that stay in the cytoplasm whereas RER ribosomes produce proteins that are excreted or attached to the cell membrane.
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How are proteins, that are excreted, produced?
The new proteins produced at the RER are folded and processed then transported to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles. In the Golgi apparatus, the proteins undergo further processing then enter more vesicles to be transported around the cell.
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What is a cytoskeleton?
A network of protein threads arranged into microfilaments and microtubules in eukaryotic cells.
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What are the 4 functions of the cytoskeleton?
1) Support the cells organelles & keep them in place.
2) Strengthen the cell & maintain shape.
3) Transport organelles and materials in the cell.
4) Move the cell (with proteins).
2) Strengthen the cell & maintain shape.
3) Transport organelles and materials in the cell.
4) Move the cell (with proteins).
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Characteristics of a Prokaryotic cell?
Extremely small, DNA is circular, no nucleus, cell wall made of polysaccharide, few organelles, flagella made of flagellin and small ribosomes.
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Characteristics of a Eukaryotic cell?
Larger cells, DNA is linear, nucleus is present, no cell wall (in animals), cell wall made of cellulose (in plants), cell wall made of chitin (in fungi), many organelles, flagella in 9+2 formation and larger ribosomes.
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What is in a bacteria cell?
DNA, flagellum, ribosome, plasma membrane, cell wall and plasmids.
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Equation for magnification?
M = IS / AS
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How to convert millimeters into micrometers and micrometers into nanometers?
x1000 or /1000 if going the other way.
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What is magnification?
How much bigger the image is than the actual size of the specimen.
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What is resolution?
How well a microscope distinguishes between two points that are close together.
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What are the 3 types of microscopes?
Light microscopes, Laser scanning confocal microscope and electron microscope.
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What are the two different types of electron microscopes?
Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM).
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a Eukaryote?
Back
A complex organism made up of eukaryotic cells like animal and plant cells.
Card 3
Front
What is an Organelle?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is in an animal cell?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is in a plant cell?
Back
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