2. the biology of language

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  • Created by: mc8g19
  • Created on: 13-10-20 13:40
which side of the brain is language mostly associated with
the left side of the brain
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what is localization of the brain
when certain things occur only in one side of the brain, verbal behaviour is on the left hand side, however if you are left handed, 27% likely to have right side speech dominance
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what study shows localisation development?
Woods (1980)
develops around the age of 5. if you have right hand side damage it will effect language more if it is during infancy
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what is brocas area?
a region of the left frontal cortex, really close to the primary motor cortex, which has a motor homunculus. this homunculus has a specific lip and tongue area, which is needed for proper speech production.
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what are the symptoms of brocas aphasia ?
loss of language function, issues with fluency, can understand conversation but find it hard to speak
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what is brocas aphasia caused by?
Broca (1861)
suggests aphasia is caused by lesions of frontal association cortext as well as brocas area
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what is agrammatism?
this is when you have difficulty comprehending grammatical devices
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what is a study that looked into agrammatism?
(Saffron, 1980)
they have trouble with using function words but can use content words
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what is Wernicke's area?
this is a region of auditory associated cortex of the left temporal lobe
it is important in speech comprehension and meaningful speech
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what is Wernicke's aphasia?
this is when a person has poor speech comprehension and production of meaningless speech
it damages your ability to convert thoughts with words
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what is pure word deafness?
this is when a person has no recognition but has compression of words
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what is a study that looked at pure word deafness?
Poeppel (2001)
two types of damage can cause PWD, disruption of auditory input to superior temporal cortex or damage to superior temporal cortex
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what is transcortical sensory aphasia?
this is when you have recognition of words without comprehension
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what causes transcortical sensory aphasia?
damage to the posterior language area alone and isolates Wernicke's area, this therefore effects the areas surrounding
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what was a study into transcortical sensory aphasia?
Geschlund et al (1986)
can learn songs radio but cannot understand the meanings of the song, even if it is initiated by someone else
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what is the connection between broca and wernickes area?
there is one direct connection and if this is damaged it is expected to produce produce aphasia
indirect connection conveys meaning and if it is damaged they can produced transcortical sensory aphasia
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what areas are important for reading?
primary visual cortex in occupational lobe
visual association cortex in temporal lobe
visual word form area in bottom of temporal lobe
brocas area in frontal lobe
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what is pure alexia?
the loss of ability to read, but are still able to write
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what study looked into pure alexia?
Mao-Draayer and Pnitch (2004)
reported case of a man with MS who had pure alexia, after a lesion was damaged in the posterior corpus callousum, they were in exactly the same positions other studies (Dejuive, 1892) had suggested
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what is surface alexia?
this is when a person can read words phonetically but has difficulty with irregularly spelled words, e.g yacht would be a confusing word
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what is phonological dyslexia?
this is when you can read familiar words but not difficult words or pronounceable non-words
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what study has suggested the cause of surface dyslexia?
Gilliard et al (2006)
suggested that damage to visual word form area causes surface dyslexia, from FMRI and lesion evidence to suggest this.
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what is localization of the brain

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when certain things occur only in one side of the brain, verbal behaviour is on the left hand side, however if you are left handed, 27% likely to have right side speech dominance

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what study shows localisation development?

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what is brocas area?

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what are the symptoms of brocas aphasia ?

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