1.6 How did the Cold War end?

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Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, 1968
stop other countries developing nuclear weapons, limit nuclear powers in world -> reduce risk of war
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SALT1, 1972
reduce long range missiles, limit on missile bases, use satellites to check others kept to treaty
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Helsinki Conferece, 1975
co-operate, respect human rights, recognise borders set out after WWII
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SALT2, 1979
limit all rockets and warheads, limit nuclear delivery vehicles, last until 1985
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Soviets -> Afghanistan, 1979
reinforce Communist revolution & stop counter-revolution, stop Islamic fundamentalism
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Consequences of invasion
SALT2 not signed, Carter Doctrine: economic sanctions on USSR, USA alliance with China and Israel, USA ended diplomacy with USSR
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USA Olympic boycott, 1980
refused to send athletes to 1980 Moscow Olympics, 61 countries followed, brought politics into sport
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Worsening relations
USA criticised Brezhnev for heavy-handed approach, USSR walked out of START, USA supported a trade union in Poland
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Reagan's approach, 1981-5
'Evil Empire speech' - moral duty to defend liberty, thought he oculd win a limited nuclear war - NUTS, cruise missiles in Europe -> increased tension
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SDI, 1983
stop missiles reaching USA, went against prior agreements, USSR couldn't compete - haven't got money or technology
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Retaliatory boycott, 1984
supported by Warsaw Pact, showed Capitalist/Communsit divide, still LA games were biggest ever
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Gorbachev, 1985
glasnost, perestroika, released dissidents, abandoned Brezhnev Doctrine, stopped nuclear tests
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Geneva, 1985
speed up arms talks, abolish chemical weapons, be more active on issues of human rights -> Geneva Accord
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Rekjavik, 1986
sweeping arms reductions, talks broke down over SDI
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INF Treaty, 1987
destruction of 2692 missiles, inspect others bases, only first step
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Moscow, 1988
CFE treaty - arms control, USSR left Afghanistan
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Berlin Wall, 1989
Gorbachev said he wouldn't stop demonstrations, 1 million people protest in East Berlin, in November wall was opened
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Poland, 1989
trade union Solidarity wins Polish election
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East Europe, 1990
anti-Communists win elections in Hungary and Czechoslovakia, ex-Communists win in Romania and Bulgaria
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START talks, 1990-1
reduce nuclear warheads by 25-35%
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Germany, 1991
West and East re-unified
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USSR, 1991
lost control of East Europe, couldn't change Russsia fast enough (as Gorbachev still a Communist), Gorbachev resigned Xmas day
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End of the Warsaw Pact
members declared independence, many no longer Communist, Pact dissolved in 1991
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

reduce long range missiles, limit on missile bases, use satellites to check others kept to treaty

Back

SALT1, 1972

Card 3

Front

co-operate, respect human rights, recognise borders set out after WWII

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

limit all rockets and warheads, limit nuclear delivery vehicles, last until 1985

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

reinforce Communist revolution & stop counter-revolution, stop Islamic fundamentalism

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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