1.6 How did the Cold War end? 5.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings ? HistoryThe Cold WarGCSEEdexcel Created by: Alice WebsterCreated on: 02-06-13 10:57 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, 1968 stop other countries developing nuclear weapons, limit nuclear powers in world -> reduce risk of war 1 of 23 SALT1, 1972 reduce long range missiles, limit on missile bases, use satellites to check others kept to treaty 2 of 23 Helsinki Conferece, 1975 co-operate, respect human rights, recognise borders set out after WWII 3 of 23 SALT2, 1979 limit all rockets and warheads, limit nuclear delivery vehicles, last until 1985 4 of 23 Soviets -> Afghanistan, 1979 reinforce Communist revolution & stop counter-revolution, stop Islamic fundamentalism 5 of 23 Consequences of invasion SALT2 not signed, Carter Doctrine: economic sanctions on USSR, USA alliance with China and Israel, USA ended diplomacy with USSR 6 of 23 USA Olympic boycott, 1980 refused to send athletes to 1980 Moscow Olympics, 61 countries followed, brought politics into sport 7 of 23 Worsening relations USA criticised Brezhnev for heavy-handed approach, USSR walked out of START, USA supported a trade union in Poland 8 of 23 Reagan's approach, 1981-5 'Evil Empire speech' - moral duty to defend liberty, thought he oculd win a limited nuclear war - NUTS, cruise missiles in Europe -> increased tension 9 of 23 SDI, 1983 stop missiles reaching USA, went against prior agreements, USSR couldn't compete - haven't got money or technology 10 of 23 Retaliatory boycott, 1984 supported by Warsaw Pact, showed Capitalist/Communsit divide, still LA games were biggest ever 11 of 23 Gorbachev, 1985 glasnost, perestroika, released dissidents, abandoned Brezhnev Doctrine, stopped nuclear tests 12 of 23 Geneva, 1985 speed up arms talks, abolish chemical weapons, be more active on issues of human rights -> Geneva Accord 13 of 23 Rekjavik, 1986 sweeping arms reductions, talks broke down over SDI 14 of 23 INF Treaty, 1987 destruction of 2692 missiles, inspect others bases, only first step 15 of 23 Moscow, 1988 CFE treaty - arms control, USSR left Afghanistan 16 of 23 Berlin Wall, 1989 Gorbachev said he wouldn't stop demonstrations, 1 million people protest in East Berlin, in November wall was opened 17 of 23 Poland, 1989 trade union Solidarity wins Polish election 18 of 23 East Europe, 1990 anti-Communists win elections in Hungary and Czechoslovakia, ex-Communists win in Romania and Bulgaria 19 of 23 START talks, 1990-1 reduce nuclear warheads by 25-35% 20 of 23 Germany, 1991 West and East re-unified 21 of 23 USSR, 1991 lost control of East Europe, couldn't change Russsia fast enough (as Gorbachev still a Communist), Gorbachev resigned Xmas day 22 of 23 End of the Warsaw Pact members declared independence, many no longer Communist, Pact dissolved in 1991 23 of 23
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