1.5 Three Cold War Crises 0.0 / 5 ? HistoryThe Cold WarGCSEEdexcel Created by: Alice WebsterCreated on: 30-05-13 10:23 The Berlin Crisis 1950s - 1963 1 of 24 Refugee Problem 15m migrated, Communism failing, skilled workers left 2 of 24 Krushchev's challenge 6 months to vacate Berlin, cut off communication, West maintained right 3 of 24 Krushchev and Eisenhower ready to negotiate, arranged Paris summit, U2 plan shot down -> summit didn't happen 4 of 24 Vienna summit Krushchev reissued threat & threatened to sign treaty with East Germany to end all Western rights 5 of 24 Berlin Wall no Allied opposition, stopped migration and Western control, watchtowers and guards -> preparing for war 6 of 24 Kennedy's visit showed US support, pointed out failures of Communism, showed he was on their side 7 of 24 The Cuban Missile Crisis 1959-1961 8 of 24 Arms race H bombs, Churchill - "balance of global terror", MAD, -> space race 9 of 24 Cuba's drift from USA Castro revolution, nationalised industry, anti-USA -> anit-capitalism, USSR saw opportunity 10 of 24 Bay of Pigs assassinate Castro, trained exiles, defeated in 3 days -> embarassing 11 of 24 Cuba - USSR increasingly dependent (markets, aid), allies via Comecon -> military anti-USA, trade 12 of 24 Missile bases set up through year, told USA they were defensive, Oct. U2 plane saw IRBM missiles 13 of 24 The 13 Days Excomm -> discuss options, naval blockade, armed forces on alert, quarantined Cuba 14 of 24 Test Ban Treaty banned nuclear tests underwater, in atmosphere and in space 15 of 24 Short term results end quarantine, dismantled missiles, hotline (Washington-Moscow) 16 of 24 Long term results USA looked stronger, China considers leaders of Communism, MAD -> detente 17 of 24 The Prague Spring 1968 (Jan-Mar) 18 of 24 Opposition to Soviet control led basic lives, exploited by USSR, no previous reform worked 19 of 24 Dubcek challenged leadership, instated with Brezhnev's support, introduced reforms 20 of 24 The Prague Spring Reforms trade with West Germany, end to travel restrictions, end press censorship -> freedom of speech, 10yr political plan -> democracy 21 of 24 USSR re-gaining control Warsaw Pact troops sent in -> no deviation, protesters met tanks, overran -> reforms reversed 22 of 24 International reaction rivalry USSR-China, West protested but detente continued, warning to other satellite states -> Brezhnvev Doctrine 23 of 24 Brezhnev Doctrine (not vital part of course!) stated Communism must be a one-party system (ie dictatorship) 24 of 24
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