1.4 Starch, glycogen and cellulose

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  • Created by: Dane
  • Created on: 30-11-19 13:05
What molecule is startch made up of
alpha-gluecose, monosaccharides
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what type of bond links starch molecules
glycosidic
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what is the name of the reaction that forms startch
condensation reations
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what makes unbranched chains of startch very compact
because they are wound up into tight coils that make the molecule very compact
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what is the main role of starch
energy storage
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why is this something its structure is suited for
it is insoluble and doesn't affect water potential, so water is not drawn into the cells by osmosis
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why is this something its structure is suited for based on its size
being large and insoluble it will not diffuse out of a cell
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why is this something its structure is suited for based on its use for storage
it is compact so alot of it can be stored in one small place
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why is this something its structure is suited for based on its accessibility to transportation
when hydrolysed it forms alpha-gluecose which is both easily transported and readily used in respiration
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why is this something its structure is suited for based on its interaction with other molecules
the branched form has many ends each of which can be acted on by enzymes simultaneously meaning that gluecose monomers are released very rapidly
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Instead of starch what polysaccharide is found in animal cells
Glycogen
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Where is glycogen found
In animal cells and bacteria cells
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what are the similarities of starch and glycogen
structure
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what are the differences of starch and glycogen
glycogen has shorter chains, and is more highly branched
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Where is glycogen stored in animals
mainly in the muscle cells and the liver cell
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why is the mass of carbohydrate that is stored relatively small
because fat in the main storage molecule in animals
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Why is its structure suited for storage
its insoluble so it cant draw water into the cell by osmosis, it doesnt diffuse out the cell by osmosis, its compact so alot can be stored in a small space, its highly branched and has ends that can be acted apon by enzymes
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Why is glycogen rapidly broken down into gluecose monomers
because animals have a higher metabolic and resipiratory rate than plant cells and the monomers are used in respiration
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How does cellulose differ from starch and glycogen
it is made up of beta-gluecose instead of alpha-gluecose
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describe the structure of cellulose
straight unbranched chains running parrallel to one another allowing hydrogen bond linkages
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what are cellulose fibres grouped together known as
microfibril
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what part of the plant does cellulose make up of
the cell wall
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what is its main feature given to a plant
it stops the cell from bursting as water enters via osmosis
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How does it do this
It does this by exerting an inward pressure that stops any further influx of water
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Why is maintaining a turgid state important for plant cells
this state maintains stems and leaves so thay can have the maximum surface area for photosynthesis
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why is the structure of cellulose suited for its function
cellulose molecules are made up of beta-gluecose molecules in the form of long unbranched chains, these cellulose molecules run parralel to each other and are cross linked by hydrogen bonds which add collective stength,
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what is another point to why the structure of cellulose is suited for its function
these molecules are grouped to form microfibrils which are in turn grouped to form more fibres which increase the strength of the plant further
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Card 2

Front

what type of bond links starch molecules

Back

glycosidic

Card 3

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what is the name of the reaction that forms startch

Back

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Card 4

Front

what makes unbranched chains of startch very compact

Back

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Card 5

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what is the main role of starch

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