1.4 Businesss Revision

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What is collective bargaining?
A method of determining conditions of work and terms of employment through negotiations between employers and employee representatives
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What does the term flexible workforce mean?
A workforce that can respond, in quantity and type, to changes in market demand
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What is a trade union?
An organisation of workers that exist to promote the interests of their members
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What is a zero-hors contract?
A contract that doesnt guarantee any particular number of hours work
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What are the possible advantages of collective bargaining?
Agreements are transparent and binding/May be more cost effective to have just one set of negotiations/favouritism and victimisation might be reduced at work/more equitable because power between both sides is equalised
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What are the possible disadvantages of collective bargaining?
Negotiations can result in more bureauaucracy and take longer/the views of individuals are not always reflected by unions/negotiation costs can be high and are usually met by businesses/a failure to agree can have serious consequences
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What is a redundancy?
This is where there is no work or insufficient work for the employee to do, the job no longer exists.
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What is multiskilling?
The process of increasing the skills of employees
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What is induction training?
Training given to new employees when they first start the job
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What is a job description?
A document that shows clearly the tasks, duties and responsibilities expected of a worker for a particular job
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What is a person specification?
A personal profile of the type of person needed to do the job e.g. details of qualifications,experience,skills,attitudes that would be expected of a person appointed to do a particular job
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Give types of internal recruitment strategies?
employee notice board/staff email/newsletters/company magazine/company website
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What are the advantages of internal recruitment strategies?
It is often cheaper/Internal recruits may be already familiar with procedures therefore less induction training needed/qualities of candidates are better known to the employer/It can motivate staff
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Give types of external recruitment strategies?
Word of mouth/Direct application/advertising/private employment agencies/headhunting/job centres/government funded training schemes
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What are the advantages of external recruitment strategies?
Brings in someone with new and different ideas to those already working in the business/ Brings in experience of working in different organisations/could attract a larger number of applicants and the employer will then have more choice of candidates
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What are the objectives of offering training?
Making workers more productive by teaching them more effective ways of working/familiarising workers with new equipment/educating workers in new methods of working/making workers more flexible/increasing job satisfaction and motivation
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What are the different ways of on the job training?
learning from other workers/mentoring/job rotation/traditional apprenticeships/graduate training
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What are the advantages of on the job training?
Output is being produced/relevant because trainess learn by actually doing the job/cheaper than other forms of training/can be easy to organise
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What are the disadvantages of on the job training?
Output may be lost if workers make mistakes/may be stressful for the worker/trainers may get frustrated if they are unpaid trainers/could be a danger to others e.g. train drivers
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Why may a business use off the job training instead of on the job training?
It could provide courses which a business internally would be unable to provide
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What are the advantages of off the job training?
Output isnt affected if mistakes are made/workers learning cannot be distracted by work/training could take place outside work hours if necessary/customers and others are not put at risk
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What are the disadvantages of off the job training?
no output because employees dont contribute to work/can be expensive/some aspects of work cannot be taught off the job/trainees may feel some of the training is not relevant to them/it may take time to organise
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What is centralisation?
A type of business organisation where major decisions are made at the centre or core of the organisation and then passed down the chain of command
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What is decentralisation?
A type of business organisation where decision making is pushed down the chain of command and away from the centre of the organisation
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What is the chain of command?
The way authority and power is organised in an organisation
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What is delayering?
Removing layers of management from the hierarchy of an organisation
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What is delegation?
Authority to pass down from superior to subordinate
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What is a hierarchy?
The order or levels of responsibility in an organisation, from the lowest to highest
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What is the span of control?
The number of people a person is directly responsible for in a business
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What are the advantages of centralisation?
Senior management has more control of the business/Senior managers should be more experienced and skillful in making decisions/communication may improve if there are fewer decision makers
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What are the advantages of decentralisation?
It empowers and motivates workers/It reduces the stress and burdens of senior management/It provides subordinates with greater job satisfactionby giving them more say in decision making
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What are the 3 types of organisational structures?
Tall structures/flat structures/matrix structure
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What is a bonus?
A payment inaddition to the basic wage for reaching targets or in recognition for service
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What is a commission?
Percentage payment on a sale made to the salesperson
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What is the hawthorne effect?
The idea that workers are motivated by recognition given to them as a group
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What is a hygiene factor (Herzberg)?
Things at work that result in dissatisfaction
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What is job enlargement?
Giving an employee more work to do of a similar nature;horizontally extending their work role
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What is job enrichment?
Giving employees greater responsibility and recognition by vertically extending their work role
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What is performance related pay?
A payment system designed for non-manual workers where pay increases are given if performance targets are met
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What does the term piece rates mean?
A payment system where employees are paid an agreed rate for every item produced
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What is autocratic leadership?
a leadership style where amanager makes all decisions without consultation
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what is democratic leadership?
A leadership style where managers allow others to participate in decision making
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What is laissez-faire leadership?
A leadership style where employees are encouraged to make their own decisions, with certain limits
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What is paternalistic leadership?
A leadership style where the leader makes decisions but takes into account the welfare of employees
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does the term flexible workforce mean?

Back

A workforce that can respond, in quantity and type, to changes in market demand

Card 3

Front

What is a trade union?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a zero-hors contract?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the possible advantages of collective bargaining?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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