13.DNA and Its Role in Heredity

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  • Created by: kpaul1234
  • Created on: 17-05-21 09:36
Define transfection
Insertion of recombinant DNA into animal cells.
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Define a genetic marker
n gene clonging, a gene of identifiable phenotype that indicates the presence of another gene, DNA segment, or chromosome fragment.
In general, a DNA sequence such as a single nucleotide polymorphism whose presence is correlated with the presence of other
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Define a antiparallel
Pertaining to molecular orientation in which a molecule or parts of a molecule have opposing directions.
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Define complimentary base pairing
The AT (or AU), TA (or UA), CG and GC pairing of bases in double-stranded DNA , in transcription and between tRNA and mRNA.
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Describe the structure and function of DNA Polymerase.
Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the formation of DNA strands from a DNA template.
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Describe the process of semiconservative replication
The way in which DNA is synthesized. Each of the two partner strands in a double helix acts as a template for a new partner strand. Hence, after replication, each double helix consists of one old and one new strand.
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State the origin of replication
DNA sequence at which helicase unwinds the DNA double helix and DNA polymerase binds to initiate DNA replication.
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Describe the structure and function of primase.
An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a primer for DNA replication.
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Describe the structure and function of replication forks
A point at which a DNA molecule is replication. The fork forms by the unwinding of the parent molecule.
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Describe the structure and function of DNA helicase.
An enzyme that functions to unwind the double helix.
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Define a leading strand
In DNA replication, the daughter strand that is synthesized continuously.
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Define a lagging strand
In DNA replication, the daughter strand that is synthesized in discontinuous stretches.
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Define an Okazaki fragments
Newly formed DNA making up the lagging strand in DNA replication. DNA ligase links Okazaki fragments together to give a continuous strand.
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Describe the structure and function of DNA ligase
Enzyme that unites broken DNA strands during replication and recombination.
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Define processive
Pertaining to an enzyme that catalyzes many reactions each time it binds to a substrate, as DNA polymerase does during DNA replication.
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Define a sliding DNA clamp
Protein complex that keeps DNA polymerase bound to DNA during replication.
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Describe the structure and function of telomeres
Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.
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Define the structure and function of telomerase
An enzyme that catalyzes the addition of telomeric sequences lost from chromosomes during DNA replication.
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Define a mismatch repair
A mechanism that scans DNA after it has been replicated and corrects any base-pairing mismatches.
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Define an excision pair
A mechanism that removes damaged DNA and replaces it with the appropriate nucelotide.
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Define a Polymerase Chain Reaction
An enzymatic technique for the rapid production of millions of copies of a particular stretch of DNA where only a small amount of the parent molecule is available.
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Card 2

Front

Define a genetic marker

Back

n gene clonging, a gene of identifiable phenotype that indicates the presence of another gene, DNA segment, or chromosome fragment.
In general, a DNA sequence such as a single nucleotide polymorphism whose presence is correlated with the presence of other

Card 3

Front

Define a antiparallel

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Define complimentary base pairing

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe the structure and function of DNA Polymerase.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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