What carries signals from ductless glands to cells and are also known as 'Chemical Messengers'
Hormones
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The action of a hormone can be
SHORT LIVED or CHRONIC lasting days
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Name the 9 endocrine glands
Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Pancreas, Adrenals, Testes and Ovaries
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Describe the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system
Angiotensionogen, from the liver + Renin, from the kidneys = Angiotensin I. A I from kidneys + Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ACE, from the lungs, = Anginotensin II. A II then stimulates Adrenal Cortex to secrete Aldosterone
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What is the difference between Paracrine and Autocrine Agents
Paracrine acts locally on neighbouring cells (like Bluetooth) Autocrine acts on itself (Selfish)
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How do hormones travel
Blood stream
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Name the 4 main functions of the Endocrine System
Maintenance of internal environment; Control of storage and use of energy substrates; Growth, development and reproduction; Response to external stimuli
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What are the three classes of Hormones?
Amines, Peptides, Steroids
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What glands are Amines secreted from?
Thyroid and Adrenal Medulla
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Which AA is responsible for making Amine hormones?
Tyrosine
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What Hormones are Amines
Adrenaline, Noradrenaline and Dopamine
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Where are steroid hormones produced?
Adrenal Cortex and Gonads
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Give 3 examples of steroid hormones
Aldosterone; Testosterone; Oestrogen; Cortisol
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Name f larger peptide hormone
Preprohormone or Prohormone
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How do peptide hormones leave the cell?
Exocytosis
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What does Aldosterone signal to be reabsorbed?
Sodium
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What are steroid hormones synthesised from?
Cholesterol
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How are peptide hormones stored and transported?
Peptide=HYDROPHILIC=physical solution=LIPOPHOBIC=needs receptors on cells surface
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How are Steroid hormones stored and transported?
Steroind=HYDROPHOBIC=protein carriers=LIPOPHILLIC=can pass through cell membrane to intracellular receptor
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How are hormones recognised by target tissues?
Some BIND to specific receptors on cell surface; Some PASS and bind on to intracellular receptor
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How do Steroid and Thyroid hormones react with cells?
They PASS and bind to an intracellular receptor. They are HYDROPHOBIC
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How do Peptide hormones react with cells?
They BIND on to a receptor on the cells surface. They are HYDROPHILLIC
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What does the tissue depend on for responsiveness?
No. functional target cells; No. receptors; Presence of non competitive antagonist; sensitivity of tissue can be affected by hormone concentration
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How are hormones excreted?
Bile; Faeces; and Kidneys
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What controls the production/release of Hormones?
Direct stimulation ceases (usually via the Nervous System); Negative feedback switches ON
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The action of a hormone can be
Back
SHORT LIVED or CHRONIC lasting days
Card 3
Front
Name the 9 endocrine glands
Back
Card 4
Front
Describe the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system
Back
Card 5
Front
What is the difference between Paracrine and Autocrine Agents
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