1.1 Skeletal and Muscular Systems

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  • Created by: kwalker23
  • Created on: 06-01-21 22:57
Common features of a synovial joint - Ligament
Function - Connects bone to bone and stabilises joint movement

Structure - Tough band of elastic connective tissue
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Common features of a synovial joint - Synovial fluid
Function - Reduces friction

Structure - Lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity
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Common features of a synovial joint - Articular cartilage
Function - Shock absorber and allows friction free movement

Structure - Smooth tissue covering surface of articulating bones
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Common features of a synovial joint - Joint capsule
Function - Strengthens joint secreting synovial fluid

Structure - Fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane
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Common features of a synovial joint - Bursa
Function - Reduces friction between bones

Structure - Closed, fluid filled sac where tendons rub over bones
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Planes of movement - Frontal
Splits body into front and back, allows for abduction and adduction
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Planes of movement - Sagittal
Splits body into left and right, allows for flexion, extension, dorsi flexion and plantar flexion
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Planes of movement - Transverse
Splits body into top and bottom, allows for horizontal extension, horizontal flexion and rotation
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Agonist
Muscle responsible for creating movement at a joint. Known as prime mover
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Antagonist
Muscle that opposes agonist, providing resistance for co-ordinated movement
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Fixator
Muscle that stabilises one part of the body while another part moves
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Isotonic muscle contraction (changes length)
Eccentric - Muscle contracts and gets lengthens to produce tension (i.e downward phase of a bicep curl)
Concentric - Muscle contracts and shortens to produce tension (i.e upward phase of a bicep curl)
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Isometric muscle contraction (does not change length)
Muscle contracts but does not change length and no movement is created (i.e holding the press up position without moving)
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Skeletal muscle contraction
1. Nerve impulse initiated in motor neurone cell body
2. Conducted down axon of motor neurone by a nerve action potential to the synaptic cleft
3. Neurotransmitter called acetylcholine is secreted into synaptic cleft to conduct the nerve impulse across th
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Muscle fibre types - Slow oxidative
Key points: Recruited and provide energy for sub-maximal aerobic work, Contract intermittently to give overall low force of contraction, Individual fibres will recover very quickly
Application for training and recovery: 1:1 or 1:0.5 work:relief ratio, Tra
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Muscle fibre types - Fast oxidative glycolytic
Key points: Designed to produce large amount of force quickly, capacity to resist fatigue.
Application for training and recovery: More likely to be used in high intensity exercise lasting a few minutes
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Muscle fibre types - Fast glycolytic
Key points: Recruited in last 2-10s of contraction, when maximal efforts are needed quickly. Accompanied by eccentric muscle fibre damage, causing DOMS.
Application for training and recovery: If fast glycolytic fibres have been used to exhaustion, they ta
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Function - Reduces friction

Structure - Lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity

Back

Common features of a synovial joint - Synovial fluid

Card 3

Front

Function - Shock absorber and allows friction free movement

Structure - Smooth tissue covering surface of articulating bones

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Function - Strengthens joint secreting synovial fluid

Structure - Fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Function - Reduces friction between bones

Structure - Closed, fluid filled sac where tendons rub over bones

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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