10.5: Population and the Environment

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10.5: What is population growth determined by?
BIRTH RATES AND DEATH RATES
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10.5: Define biotic potential.
IN POPULATION ECOLOGY, THE NATURAL REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF THE SPECIES.
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10.5: Define environmental resistance.
A TERM USED IN POPULATION ECOLOGY TO EXPLAIN MORTALITY RATES CONTROLLED BY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT PREVENT SURVIVAL, FOR EXAMPLE, DISEASE OR SHORTAGE OF FOOD. SOMETIMES KNOWN AS 'LIMITING FACTORS'.
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10.5: Name 3 reasons / developments for the exponential growth in the population.
a) DEVELOPMENTS IN TECHNOLOGY b) IMPROVEMENTS IN MEDICAL SCIENCE c) IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALTHCARE AND SANITATION
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10.5: Define optimum population.
AN IDEAL BALANCE BETWEEN POPULATION AND RESOURCES.
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10.5: Define overpopulation.
EXISTS WHEN THERE ARE TOO MANY PEOPLE IN THE AREA RELATIVE TO THE AVAILABLE RESOURCES, PUTTING PRESSURE ON THOSE RESOURCES.
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10.5: Define underpopulation.
OCCURS WHEN THERE ARE TOO FEW PEOPLE TO USE THE RESOURCES EFFICIENTLY FOR A GIVEN LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGY.
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10.5: Name 3 characteristics of overpopulation.
LOW PER CAPITA INCOME / POVERTY / UNEMPLOYMENT / OUTWARD MIGRATION OR OTHER SUITABLE ANSWER
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10.5: Name 3 characteristics of underpopulation.
HIGH PER CAPITA INCOME (NOT MAXIMISED) / LOW UNEMPLOYMENT / INWARD MIGRATION OR OTHER SUITABLE EXAMPLE
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10.5: Define biosphere.
THE BIOLOGICAL COMPONENT OF EARTH SYSTEMS (THE OTHERS BEING ATMOSPHERE, HYDROSPHERE AND LITHOSPHERE).
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10.5: Define carrying capacity.
THE MAXIMUM POPULATION SIZE THAT AN AREA OR ENVIRONMENT CAN SUSTAIN INDEFINITELY.
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10.5: Define ecological footprint.
A MEASURE OF THE DEMAND PLACED BY HUMANS ON EARTH'S NATURAL RESOURCES.
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10.5: Define the term demographic dividend.
THE BENEFIT A COUNTRY GETS WHEN ITS WORKING POPULATION OUTGROWS ITS DEPENDENTS, SUCH AS CHILDREN AND THE ELDERLY. A BOOST IN ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY RESULTS FROM GROWING NUMBERS IN THE WORKFORCE RELATIVE TO THE NUMBER OF DEPENDENTS.
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10.5: Define overshoot.
AN ECOLOGICAL TERM REFERRING TO A POINT WHEN THE POPULATION AND ITS ASSOCIATED CONSUMPTION OF RESOURCES EXCEED THE LONG-TERM CARRYING CAPACITY OF ITS ENVIRONMENT.
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10.5: Define total productive bio-capacity.
ALL THE FOOD, WATER AND ENERGY RESOURCES PRODUCED BY THE EARTH'S NATURAL SYSTEMS ANNUALLY TO SUSTAIN US.
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10.5: Define the term one global hectare (gha).
A UNIT OF MEASUREMENT WHICH REPRESENTS THE AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY OF ALL BIOLOGICALLY PRODUCTIVE AREAS (CROPLAND, FORESTS, FISHING GROUNDS ETC) ON EARTH IN A GIVEN YEAR.
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10.5: Define the term global hectares per person.
THE AMOUNT OF GLOBAL HECTARES NEEDED BY EACH PERSON TO PROVIDE FOR THEIR CONSUMPTION OF RESOURCES.
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10.5: Name 3 of the negative environmental implications of growing ecological footprint.
a) CLIMATE CHANGE, EXACERBATION OF GLOBAL WARMING b) MORE LAND TAKEN FOR SETTLEMENT, INDUSTRY AND TRANSPORT c) INCREASED THREAT OF SPECIES' EXTINCTION OR OTHER SUITABLE ANSWERS.
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10.5: What is positive feedback in the population, resources and pollution model?
POSTIVE FEEDBACK ENHANCES OR AMPLIFIES CHANGES - MOVING A SYSTEM AWAY FROM ITS EQUALIBRIUM STATE AND MAKING IT MORE UNSTABLE.
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10.5: What is negative feedback in the population, resources and pollution model?
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK IS AN OPPOSING FORCE WHICH COUNTERS ANY CHANGE, HOLDING THE SYSTEM IN A MORE STABLE EQUILIBRIUM.
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10.5: In up to 30 words, summarise Malthus’ theory.
FOOD PRODUCTION CAN ONLY INCREASE ARITMETICALLY (SO FROM AN INDEX VALUE OF 10 TO 20, 30 ETC) SO AT ANY ONE TIME THERE IS A FIXED 'CARRYING CAPACITY' THAT CAN ONLY SUPPORT A GIVEN POPULATION. BALANCE MAINTAINED BY CHECKS.
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10.5: In up to 30 words, summarise the Club of Rome’s theory.
USED A COMPUTERISED MODEL TO INVESTIGATE THE STATE OF A RANGE OF RESOURCES AS WELL AS POPULATION GROWTH. 'LIMITS TO GROWTH' REPORT PREDICTED THAT ECONOMIC GROWTH COULD NOT CONTINUE INDEFINITELY BECAUSE OF LIMITED AVAILABILITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES.
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10.5: In up to 30 words, summarise Boserup’s theory.
HUMAN INGENUITY COULD ALTER THE CARRYING CAPACITY ANND ENABLE IT TO EXTEND UPWARDS IN LINE WITH POPULATION GROWTH. POPULATION GROWTH STIMULATES INNOVATION AND LIMITS CAN BE INCREASED BY IMPROVEMENTS IN TECHNOLOGY.
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10.5: In up to 30 words, summarise Simon’s theory.
ARGUED THAT EVERY IMPORTANT LONG-TERM MEASURE OF HUMAN MATERIAL WELFARE SHOWS IMPROVEMENTS IN ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD, DEMONSTRATING THAT DESPITE RAPID POPULATION GROWTH HUMANS ARE MEASURABLY BETTER OFF.
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Card 2

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10.5: Define biotic potential.

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IN POPULATION ECOLOGY, THE NATURAL REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF THE SPECIES.

Card 3

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10.5: Define environmental resistance.

Back

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Card 4

Front

10.5: Name 3 reasons / developments for the exponential growth in the population.

Back

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Card 5

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10.5: Define optimum population.

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