101: The Chemical Components of Cells: Lipids 3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? BiologyCells, tissues and organsGCSENone Created by: Georgia SmithCreated on: 10-03-13 02:16 Why are lipids grouped together in terminology? They mix poorly with water 1 of 21 Which monomers make up a fat? Glycerol and fatty acids 2 of 21 What are the two parts of a fatty acid? A carboxyl group and long hydrocarbon chain 3 of 21 Why are fatty acids hydrophobic? Their long hydrocarbon chains are relatively nonpolar in comparison to water 4 of 21 What is an ester linkage? A bond between a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group 5 of 21 Why are fats sometimes called triacylglycerols? They consist of three fatty acid molecules joined to a single glycerol molecule through an ester link 6 of 21 What is the definition of an unsaturated fatty acid? A molecule in which the hydrocarbon chain contains at least one double bond 7 of 21 Are most naturally-occurring double bonds in fatty acids: Cis 8 of 21 Why do animal fats tend to be solid at room temperature? Because the lack of double bonds allow molecules to pack together tightly 9 of 21 Why do the fats of fish and vegetables tend to be liquid at room temperature? The kinks caused by cis double bonds prevent molecules from packing together closely enough to solidify 10 of 21 What is hydrogenating? The process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated fats in order to solidify them 11 of 21 What are trans fats? Fats that have been hydrogenised and form unnatural trans double bonds 12 of 21 What is the major function of fat? Energy storage 13 of 21 Why do animal cells use fat for energy storage rather than starch? The activity level of animal cells makes the compact storage of fat more beneficial 14 of 21 What cells are responsible for storing fat? Adipose 15 of 21 How do phospholipids differ from fats? They have only two fatty acid molecules and a phosphate group 16 of 21 What are steroids? Lipids that are characterised by a carbon skeleton composed of four fused rings 17 of 21 Why is cholesterol important? It is present in animal cell membranes and a precursor from which other steroids are formed 18 of 21 Where is cholesterol synthesised? In the liver 19 of 21 What is atherosclerosis? A condition in which deposits called plaques impede the flow of blood in vessels 20 of 21 Which lipid types can contribute to atherosclerosis? Saturated fats and cholesterol 21 of 21
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