10 TM postmodernism

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what are the features of pre-modernity?
ascribed status, cottage industry/agriculture, extended family that provided all functions, beliefs based on religion
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what was the enlightenment period?
a period of time where intellectual thought began changing away from religion towards science
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what were the features of enlightenment?
science provided an understanding of the world, using new knowledge to improve society, rejection of religion
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what are the features of modernity?
1700s, evolved after industrial and democratic revolutions, birth of sociology, achieved status, nuclear family, work in factories, beliefs based on science, capitalism
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what is postmodernity?
an unstable, fragmented, media-saturated global village where image and reality are indistinguishable
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how has the world become globalised?
travel, brands, technology, integration of culture, education, work, migration and crime
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who argues about the media and hyper-realities?
Baudrillard
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what is a hyper reality?
the way we cannot tell the difference between image and reality because of the media
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what is a heightened reality?
the best part of reality which is shown in the media
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what are simulacras?
things that pretend to be reality but actually aren't
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what is an example of a simulacra?
photoshopped images
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how has the world become fragmented?
work, place of living, family patterns, fashion and music
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what is the name of workers who have a range of different careers in their lifetime?
portfolio workers
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how has consumer society influenced society?
it allows us to construct our own identity through our spending by changing our style and the way we look causing us to go through different phases. the media makes us more aware that we can change our style
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explain pick n mix?
we choose where we get our norms and values from and they change over time
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what is a grand-narrative?
a belief system that claims to explain society?
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what do grand narratives claim to have?
the monopoly of truth
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why have people rejected science?
it has created many dangers (nuclear weapons, thalidomide) and has made empty promises (cure for cancer)
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what did Lyotard say?
the world is full of evils which metanarratives cannot explain
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what did Swingewood say?
metanarratives are not useful as they are not based on evidence
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what are some criticisms of postmodernism?
they contradict themselves by telling us not to listen to just one theory, we can do things to improve society
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what did Best and Kellner argue?
that postmodernism explains the key features of society but not how they evolved
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what did Harvey say?
metanarratives still provide us with good guidelines even if they cannot fully explain society
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what did Philo and Miller say? (Marxist perspective)
ruling class control the media which has power over us, material factors limit our choices, we have a sense of class consciousness and can tell between media and reality
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what is late modernity?
a phase of society between modernity and postmodernity
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what did Giddens say are the 2 features of postmodern society?
disembedding (don't have to have face to face contact to communicate), reflexivity (constantly evaluating the risks that come with our actions)
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what did Beck argue?
that we face manufactured risks and that reflexivity allows us to reduce risks by evaluating our actions before going ahead with them
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why did Beck disagree with postmodernists?
he argues that we can improve society with our knowledge and that social movements can help to improve society
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what did Rustin say?
capitalism is the risk, not rapid change
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what did Hirst say?
political and social movements are not enough to improve society
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what are some other criticisms of late modernity?
reflexivity doesn't allow us to reduce risks because we are limited by material factors such as money
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what was the enlightenment period?

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a period of time where intellectual thought began changing away from religion towards science

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what were the features of enlightenment?

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Card 4

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what are the features of modernity?

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what is postmodernity?

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