Formation of an impact crater and splash back transport.
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Rainsplash. Secondary effects:
1. Detachment of particles for slope wash 2. Increases slope wash turbulence 3. Compacts soil-decreased infiltration
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Raindrop impact:
Formation of soil crater and soil splash back
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Factors affecting rain splash
1. Gradient 2. Soil texture and grain size 3. Frequency and Intensity of rainfall 4. Vegetation cover
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Gradient:
Particle displacement is proportional to sin aK where a is gradient and k reflects grain size
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Frequency and intensity of rainfall
Effectiveness depends on kinetic energy of raindrop. Rainfall intensity > 25mm per hour required.
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Rainsplash process:
Rainsplash directly moves only particles > 50mm in size, but larger clasts may be undermined by rainsplash, sometimes forming huge pillars here large boulders shelter underlying fine soil.
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