Isotopes are atoms of the same element but different mass number (and same proton number)
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How do you calculate specific charge?
Specific charge = charge/mass
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What does the strong nuclear force do?
The strong nuclear force overcomes the electrostatic force of repulsion between the protons in the nucleus and keeps the protons and neutrons together
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What is alpha radiation?
Particles that are each composed of two protons and two neutrons
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What does beta radiation consist of?
Beta radiation consists of fast moving electrons
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What is gamma radiation?
Gamma radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted by an unstable nucleus. It has no mass and no charge
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How do you calculate wavelength?
Wavelength = wave speed/ frequency
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How are electromagnetic waves emitted by a charged particle?
Electromagnetic waves are emitted by a charged particle when it loses energy.
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What are photons?
Photons are wave packets of electromagnetic radiation
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What is the photoelectric effect?
The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from a metal surface when light is directed at the surface
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How do you calculate photon energy?
Photon energy = hf
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How do you calculate the power of the beam?
The power of the beam = nhf
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When does positron emission take place?
Positron emission takes place when a proton changes into a neutron in an unstable nucleus with too many protons
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How do you calculate rest energy?
Rest energy = rest mass * c^2 (E = mc^2)
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What is annihilation? How many photons are produced in the process?
Annihilation occurs when a particle and a corresponding antiparticle meet and their mass is converted into radiation energy. Two photons are produced in the process.
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What is pair production?
Pair production is when a photon creates a particle and a corresponding antiparticle, and vanished in the process
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How do you calculate the minimum energy of each photon produced by annihilation?
Minimum energy of each photon produced = hfmin = E°
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How do you calculate the minimum energy of each photon needed for pair production?
Minimum energy of each photon needed = hfmin = 2E°
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How do you calculate momentum?
Momentum = mass * velocity
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What are virtual photons?
Virtual photons are carriers of the electromagnetic force; a photon exchanged between two charged particles when they interact
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State six Feynman diagrams
Electromagnetic force between two protons, a neutron-neutrino interaction, a proton-antineutron interaction, beta minus decay, beta plus decay and electron capture
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State the four force carriers
Photons, W bosons, Pions and gravitron
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What are force carriers
Force carriers are the exchange particles for the four forces; the strong and weak nuclear forces, electromagnetic force and gravity
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is an isotope?
Back
Isotopes are atoms of the same element but different mass number (and same proton number)
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