1. communications
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- Created by: mc8g19
- Created on: 07-10-20 14:18
what is the roaring red deer study?
Clutton-Brook et al (1979)
at mating time, male deer roar, females choose the loudest and longest roar, which is usually the oldest males
at mating time, male deer roar, females choose the loudest and longest roar, which is usually the oldest males
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what is the eye stalk study?
Panhus and Wikinson (1999)
malasian flies have eyes on stalks, further apart eyes means they're greater strength. fly will back off if they think theyre weaker
malasian flies have eyes on stalks, further apart eyes means they're greater strength. fly will back off if they think theyre weaker
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what is the slotting in gazelles study?
Caro (1986)
gazelles leap high in the presence of predators, which signals a warning to others, also confuses attackers. however also occurs in solitary animals, so not just a warning
gazelles leap high in the presence of predators, which signals a warning to others, also confuses attackers. however also occurs in solitary animals, so not just a warning
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what is the lizard push ups study?
Leal (1999)
the amount of push ups have a positive correlation with how far they can run, means it sends a message to predator
the amount of push ups have a positive correlation with how far they can run, means it sends a message to predator
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what is the bees detecting food study?
Riley et al (2005)
when a bee finds food they go back to the hive and waggle their bodies in certain directions to allocate angle and direction of food, to help other bees
when a bee finds food they go back to the hive and waggle their bodies in certain directions to allocate angle and direction of food, to help other bees
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what is the chicken warning study?
Evans and Marler (1995)
chickens give a different call depending on predator, duck when they think its an air predator, hide when land, could be described as language
chickens give a different call depending on predator, duck when they think its an air predator, hide when land, could be described as language
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who suggested that all languages share four similar features?
Hockett, 1960
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what is the arbitrariness part of the four features of language?
units of language should not look or sound like what they are trying to convey, however onomatopoeias contradict this
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what is the displacement part of language?
displacement is when someone can tell you about something that is not right in front of them. Riley at al (2005) - when flower was moved away from hive, bees still go direction they are told, suggests they do actually use information given
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what is the semanticisty part of language?
this is if you understand specific meanings. Riley and Reid (2011) - dog knows 1,000 different words. Cheyney and Seyfarth (1990) - monkeys learned to involve false calls, knew which call was ground predator or not
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what is the productivity part of language?
use same units of language in different order to create new sentences.
Kako (1999) - saw that dolphins learn to communicate, certain signs in different orders to create a large combination of words. shows they do have language.
Kako (1999) - saw that dolphins learn to communicate, certain signs in different orders to create a large combination of words. shows they do have language.
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what is the study on if birds have local accents?
Baptisa and Petronuch (1986)
the birds exposed to different species, it will learn another song. needs to occur in development, they will practice song and pick it up once theyre old enough
the birds exposed to different species, it will learn another song. needs to occur in development, they will practice song and pick it up once theyre old enough
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why would they sing songs?
King and West (1983)
females are more attracted to songs of birds from the same subspecies, suggests that there is a reproductive element to local dialect.
females are more attracted to songs of birds from the same subspecies, suggests that there is a reproductive element to local dialect.
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what is the study about scaring off competition?
Falls (1988)
take male from territory, either left empty or replaced by audio of the song. audio decreased the likelihood of intruders coming to take over
take male from territory, either left empty or replaced by audio of the song. audio decreased the likelihood of intruders coming to take over
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what is the study on naturalistic altruism?
Cockford, Witting, Murdry and Zukerbuhler (2012)
background context: showed that alarm calls in chimpanzees are more likely to be sounded by genetic relatives
background context: showed that alarm calls in chimpanzees are more likely to be sounded by genetic relatives
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what was the procedure of the study?
it was a naturalistic study in the jungle. they would place a fake snake in the path the chimps would cross. they were identified as either receivers or detectors.
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what were the results of the study?
much more likely to not hoot when they're seen with others. when surrounded by ignorant, much more likely to call. call is mostly based on knowledge.
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what is the study about fireflies and lying to each other?
Lloyd (1945)
male and female fireflies signal to each other using their fire lights in the belly. females of other species will do it to attract males but then they will eat them.
male and female fireflies signal to each other using their fire lights in the belly. females of other species will do it to attract males but then they will eat them.
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what are the four levels of deceptive behaviour?
1. innate programme that is genetically controlled
2. stimulus response process
3. learnt association
4. intentionally trying to create false belief in another's mind
2. stimulus response process
3. learnt association
4. intentionally trying to create false belief in another's mind
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what was the deception of monkeys study?
Mitchell and Anderson (1997)
procedure: three monkeys, measured their pointing
analysed if they were co-operative or competitive, food was hidden under cups, if correct they gave to them, competitive doesn't get unless they lie about where it is
procedure: three monkeys, measured their pointing
analysed if they were co-operative or competitive, food was hidden under cups, if correct they gave to them, competitive doesn't get unless they lie about where it is
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what were the results of the deception of monkeys study?
they all learnt to point at the food when co-operative, one monkey gave up when competitive, one lied, and one just always pointed at the food.
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who conducted the study that deceptive behaviours in monkeys
Cantaloup et al (2017)
the procedure: two buckets and a banana, one calm monkey and one aggressive. in a lab but looked at wide range of monkeys. either start at same time or give calm head start. can only keep banana if they deceive.
the procedure: two buckets and a banana, one calm monkey and one aggressive. in a lab but looked at wide range of monkeys. either start at same time or give calm head start. can only keep banana if they deceive.
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what are the deceptive behaviours in monkeys study?
1) concealing interest of object
2) concealment by hiding
3) go away to suggest food is in a different place
2) concealment by hiding
3) go away to suggest food is in a different place
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what were the results of the study?
there was no suggested learning because one of the deceptive behaviours happened the first time, no difference between first and last trial, however could also just be because the animal is scared, cannot therefore rule out idea theyre just scared or conf
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what is the eye stalk study?
Back
Panhus and Wikinson (1999)
malasian flies have eyes on stalks, further apart eyes means they're greater strength. fly will back off if they think theyre weaker
malasian flies have eyes on stalks, further apart eyes means they're greater strength. fly will back off if they think theyre weaker
Card 3
Front
what is the slotting in gazelles study?
Back
Card 4
Front
what is the lizard push ups study?
Back
Card 5
Front
what is the bees detecting food study?
Back
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