What are ROS, how are they produced and what damage do they do?

ROS are molecules containing oxygen and are formed as a byproduct of normal oxygen metabolism. During environmental stress ROS levels can increase dramatically, resulting in damage to cell structures, this is known as oxidative stress. The biggest intracellular source of oxygen radicals is the mitochondrial electron transport chain. ROS can cause cellular activity responses responsible for inflammatory responses such as cardiovascular disease.

Harmful effects to cell are:

·         DNA damage

·         Lipid peroxidation

·         Oxidation of amino acids

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