transportation in plants

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Water is transported through the Xylem of plants, but before it can be transported the water must move from the soil surrounding the roots to the vascular bundle that contains the Xylem. Water first enters the plant via the root hair cells, which are microscopic hairs used to increace the surface area of the roots. The water potential of the soil is higher than that of the plants leaves, so water moves into the roots through the process of osmosis. when water has entered the root it must make its way through layers of cells to get to the Xylem. There are 2 pathways in which the plant can do this. First, the water can use the apoplastic pathway. The apoplastic pathway used the non-living parts of the cell to move through the layers, this means the water moves through the cell walls. The other way that water can move through the layers is the symplastic pathway, which uses the cell cytoplasm and the small gaps between the cells known as plasmodesmata. The endodermis layer has a casparian *****, which blocks water movement…

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