Traditional Civil Rights Movement 1950s-1960

Brown v.Board 

Arggued by Thurgood Marshall that segregationwas against the 14th ammendment and that it was psychologically harmful to students

Success?

• Successful in eliminating educational de jure segregation but not de facto 
• no exact date for desegregation. Brown II set the "with all deliberate speed" rule but this didnt change much.
• There was also varying compliance.
  • 70% of schools in states such as DC, KY, WV, MD, DE and OK had desegregated quickly but deep south states remained adamant.
• Led to powerfrul opposition groups
  • e.g., White Citizens Councils which had 25,000 members by 1956
• Southern Manifesto was developed and Eisenhower did little to help combat this development. He only helped when National Security was at risk e.g., Little Rock

Change by 1955

• Civil Rights was placed at the center of American politics followed by litigation achieved by 1955
• there was increased federal support for the NAACP 
• There was still weak federal support

Montgomery Bus Boycott

• mobilisation of the black community e.g., NAACP, Women's Political Council and the Church (due…