TOPIC B1- CELL BIOLOGY

Organisms are PROKARYOTES or EUKARYOTES

PROKARYOTES ARE SIMPLE AND SMALLER AND IS SINGLE CELLED. -Bacteria Cell

EUKARYOTES ARE COMPLEX. -Animal and Plant cells

Animal and plant cells have... A nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes

Plant cells also have... A ridgid cell wall, Permanent Vacuole, Chloroplasts (chlorophyll)

There are light microscopes and there are electron microscopes

Magnification= image size / real size

Light microscopes= Use light and lenses to form an image of a specimen and magnify it which allows us to see individual cells

Electron microscopes= Use electrons instead of light to form an image and have a much higher resolution and magnification allowing us to see smaller things in detail

Cells differentiate to become specialised which allow them to carry out specific functionsSPERM CELLS are specialised for REPRODUCTIONNERVE CELLS are specialised for RAPID SIGNALLINGMUSCLE CELLS are specialised for CONTRACTIONROOT HAIR CELLS are specialised for ABSORBING WATER/MINERALSPHLOEM / XYLEM CELLS are specialised for TRANSPORTING SUBSTANCES

CHROMOSOMES CONTAIN GENETIC MATERIALBody cells have 2 copies of each chromosomes, one from mother and another from fatherThe cell cycle make new cells for growth and development…