Topic 1.2 - The Movement of Substances into and out of Cells

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  • Diffusion is the spreading of the particles of any substance in solution or particles of a gas.
    • This results in the net movement from a region of higher concentration to a region with lower concentration.
    • The greater the difference in concentration the faster the rate of diffusion
  • Dissolved substances can move into and out of cells by diffusion
  • Oxygen needed in respiration passes through cell membranes by diffusion
  • Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane that allows the passage of water molecules
  • Differences in the concentrations of the solutions inside and outside of a cell can cause water to move into or out of the cells by osmosis
  • An isotonic solution is one in which the concentration of solutes is the same both inside and outside of the cell.
  • A hypotonic solution is one in which the concentration of solutes is greater

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