The Skeletal and Muscular Systems - Synovial Joints

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Joint feature - Structure - Function

  • Joint capsule - Fibrous tissue encasing joint - Forming capsule around joint adds stability
  • Articular discs of cartilage - C-shaped rims of fibro cartilage - Shock absorbers
  • Synovial fluid - Fluid that fills joint capsule - Nourishes and lubricates articular cartilage
  • Synovial membrane - Lines joint capsule - Secretes synovial fluid
  • Articular Cartilage - Covers articulating surfaces of bones - Prevents friction between bones
  • Bursa - Sac filled with synovial fluid located between tendons/ligaments and bone - Reduce friction where tendons/ligaments/muscles/bones rub together
  • Ligaments - White fibrous tissue, connects bone to bone - Securing bones of joint, stability
  • Pads of fat - Fatty tissue between fibrous capsule and bone/muscle - Cushion between joint capsule and bone/muscle

(http://www.infoplease.com/images/ESCI341JOINTS003.gif)

Synovial Joints

Condyloid

  • Wrist
    • Radius, Ulna and Carpal bones
    • Flexion - Flexors
    • Extension - Extensors
    • Abduction
    • Adduction       

  

Gliding

  • Intervertebral joints (Spine)
    • between individual veretbrae
    • Flexion - Rectus abdominus
    • Extension - Erector spinae

Pivot

  • Atlas and Axis (C1 and…

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