The chemistry of carbon compounds.
- Created by: shalini parashara
- Created on: 09-04-11 19:34
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- Carbon
- Carbon is often linked to hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and halogen atoms.
- Carbon atoms can join up in many ways, forminf chains, branched chains and rings.
- The chains can be very long, such as the polymer polythene.
- The bonding in organic compounds is covalent.
- These structures are molecular.
- Carbon can form 4 bonds.
The alkanes
- The alkanes make up an important series of the hydrocarbons.
- They are compounds in fuels such as natrual gas.
- The simplest alkane is methane.
- Monkeys(Methane) eat(Ethane) peanut(Propane) butter ( Butane).
- They do not dissolve in water or mix with it.
- The alkanes with small molecules are gases.
- Those with 4-17 are liquids.
- Molecules with more than 17 carbon atoms are solid.
- Liquid alkanes with longer molecules are sticky liquids.
- All alkanes burn.
- The hydrocarbons burn in air forming carbon dioxide and water.
- Alkanes do not react with acids and alkalis.
- The c-c and c-h bonds in the molecules are unreactive.
The Alcohols
- Ethanol is the best known alcohol.
- It's a very useful solvent.
- It is a liquid which evaporates quickly.
- It easily catches fire and burns with a clear flame.
- The simplest alcohol is methanol can be made in 2 steps, using methane and steam.
- The first 3 alcohols are Methanol, Ethanol and propanol.
- An alcoholcan be seen as an alkane with one of its hydrogen atoms replaced by an -oh group.
- Methanol and Ethanol are liquids.
- Alkanes with comparable relative molecular masses are gases.
- Attractive forces between molecules of alcohols are stronger than they are in alkanes.
- -OH group of atoms give the molecules this greater tendancy to cling together like water.
- Boiling point of Ethanol : 78 degrees.
- Ethanol molecules have a greater mass than water molecules.
- Ethanol molecules have a less tendancy to stick together than water molecules.
- The -OH in the molecules of methanol and ethanol freely mix with water, unlike alkanes.
- Alcohols with longer hydrocarbon chains do not mix with water because the oiliness of the hydrocarbon…
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