the particulate nature of matter

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  • Created by: akv1234
  • Created on: 05-11-16 13:32

States Of Matter

property

solid

liquid

gas

shape

definite

Takes shape of bottom of container

Takes shape of whole container

volume

definite

definite

Changes to fill whole container

Arrangement of particles

Packed close together, regular arrangement

Particles are close together but random arrangement

Large distance between particles and have a random arrangement

Movement of particles

Vibrate about a fixed point

Can slip and slide in a continuous random movement

Continuous rapid random movement

Density

High due to closely packed particles

Less than solids

low

Forces of attraction

Very strong

weak

Virtually non-existent

diffusion

Little diffusion

Slow diffusion

Rapid diffusion

Compressible

no

No, particles are still too close to be compressed.

Easily compressed due to large gaps between particles

The kinetic theory -

  1. When a solid is heated, the particles vibrate about a fixed point. This causes particles to move further apart and so the solid expands.
  2. When particles gain sufficient energy to overcome the forces of attraction holding then together, they can move out of their fixed positions. They can slip and slide past each other in a continuous random motion. When this happens the solid melts.
  3. The particles in a liquid are still close to each other. They have enough kinetic energy to move around each other closely, but not enough to overcome the forces holding then together.
  4. More heat energy is supplied and they move faster till they overcome the forces holding them together. The particles escape from the liquid surface and move in continuous rapid random motion. The liquid

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