The Fundamental Laws, April 1906

Nicholas didn't allow the 1906 Fundamental Laws (FL) to be described as a 'constitution' because he associated this with the demands of his enemies. However, in practice the FL was a constitution as it detailed the roles and powers of the principle institutions of government. 

The October Manifesto of 1905 versus The Fundamental Laws of 1906

1905- 

·         A Duma would be set up (an elected national parliament)

·         No law would be passed unless approved by the Duma

·         Censorship would be loosened, and more freedom of speech encouraged

·         The people would have more rights to gather together for discussions and meetings (freedom of association)

1906-

·         Article 4…