SZ PAPER THREE PSYCH PAPER 3

SCHIZPHREINA

CLASSIFICATION OF SZ

-       More common in men and wc people

-       Positive symptoms – adding to existing behaviour

o   Hallucinations- sensory experiences that have no basis in reality

o   Delusions – beliefs that have no basis in society

-       Negative symptoms – behaviour that is taken away

o   Avolition – loss of motivation

o   Speech poverty – unable to speak with quality and frequency

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-       Reliability

o   CHEINAUX ET AL – inter rater reliability is poor. 2 psychiatrists tested 100 patient’s w ICD and DSM 5 – diagnosis was not consistent btw observers

-       VALIDITY

o   Different diagnosis systems do not agree on who has sz – poor criterion validity

-       CO-MORBIDITY

o   BUCKLEY ET AL – around half of patients also were diagnosed with depression or substance abuse

-       SYSTEM OVERLAP

o   Significant overlap btw the symptoms of Sz and bipolar, and different diagnosis w ICD AND DSM 5

BIOLOGICAL EXP FOR SZ

-       Genetic basis of sz

o   GOTTESMAN ET AL, sz in familes. Studied MZ and DZ

o   MZ had 48% of a shared risk of sz and DZ had 17% normal. siblings had 9%

o   RIPKE ET AL, there are 108 genetic variations that inc the chances of sz o aetologically heterogeneous

-       Dopamine Hype

o   High levels of dop in sub cortex and low levels in the cortex linked to symptoms of sz

-       Neural correlates

o   Avolition linked to ventral striatum (JUNKEL)

o   Hallucinations (auditory) linked to superior temporal gyrus and anterior cingulate gyrus

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-       MULTIPLE SOURCES OF EV FOR GENETIC VUNERABILITY

o   Adoption, family ad genetic linkage studies point to a role in genetic make up (TIENARI ET AL)

-       CORELATION CAUSATION

o   NC are just correlates we cannot say they cause sz as there could be another variable

-       ROLE OF MUTATION

o   Positive correlation between paternal age and increased risk of sz (BROWN) supporting evidence for genetic basis

PSYCOLOGICAL EXPPLANTAIONS FOR SZ

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