Speaking Notes - Language Acquition

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Speaking Notes 

Theorists

Nelson - Child’s First Words

In her study of children’s 18 first words, she classified words like this:

 

Naming things

Actions / Events

Personal / Social

Modifying

Ball

Give

Yes

Dirty

Dog

Put

Hi

Nice

Juice

Sit

No

More

Mummy

Stop

Bye-bye

This

Daddy

Go

 

All-gone

Milk

Up

 

 

Cat

Stop

 

 

Rescorla – Over and Under Extension

Over Extension

Over extension is when a child extends the meaning to other objects.

Types of over extension:

·         Analogical - when a child uses a word to mean another word that has similar qualities or characteristics.

E.g. ’moon’ for ‘ball’.

·         Categorical – when a child uses a word to mean another word in the same category.

E.g. ‘dog’ for ‘cat’.

·         Statement – when a child uses a word to indicate something more.

E.g. ‘doll’ to mean ‘the doll’s bed’

 

Under Extension

Under extension is when a child restricts the number of references of a word to the original context or when the meaning of a word is narrower than usual. E.g. ‘clock’ may only mean a wall clock.

 

Crystal – Features of Acquisition

The phonological features of acquisition are (in order of appearance):

1.    Stopped sounds

2.    Consonants used at the beginnings of words

3.    Consonants used at the end of words

4.    Labial consonants appear

5.    Friction sound replaced by stopped sounds

6.    Front of mouth sounds preferred to back of mouth sounds

7.    Consonant clusters avoided

8.    Syllables are repeated

9.    Children’s sounds will not be consistent

 

Halliday – Functions of Language

The functions of language are:

·         Instrumental – expresses needs

·         Regulatory – tell other what to do

·         Interactional – forms relationships

·         Personal – expresses feelings, opinion or identity

·         Heuristic – to gain knowledge

·         Imaginative – tell stories

·         Representational / informational – convey facts

 

Dore

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