Psychology Unit 1 - Non-Verbal communication

Non-Verbal Communication Revision Notes 

DAVITZ AND DAVITZ (1961)

A -To see the effects of paralinguistics on the assessment of emotion.

M -Participants were asked to listen to taped recordingsand to assess the speakers' emotions from the paralinguistic cues: tone of voice, emphasis, and inotation.

R - There was a high level of accuracy in recognising these emotions; affection, amusment, discust and fear.

C -Paralinguistics have a great importance when judging emotion.

ARGYLE (1963)

A - To see how interupinting eye contact effects a conversation.

M - Pairs of participants were observed having conversations. In half of the conversations, one of the participants wore dark sun-glasses so that the other half could have no eye contact

R - When participants wore dark glasses, there were more pauses and interuptions than when dark glasses were not worn.

C - Eye contact is important in ensuring the smooth flow of a conversation.

HESS (1963)

A - To see the effect on pupil dilation on emotion.

M - Participants were shown two nearly identical photographs of the same girl and asked which picture was more actractive. The only diffrence betwwen the two photos was that one of the photos had dilated pupils were as the other did not.

R - The majority of participants found that the girl with dilated pupils was more attractive. Strangely though, they could not say why they thaught that.

C - Pupil dialation has an uncotious affect but powerful effect on emotion.

SACKEIM (1978)

A - To look at the relationship between facial expressions and the hemispheres of the brain.

M - Pictures of peoples faces showing diffrent emotions were cut in half down the middle. New pictures were created with half of each face and its mirror image.

R - The majority of participants said that they preferred the picture of the left half of the face reflected. When asked why, they said that it looked 'Warmer'.

C - The left side of the face is more attractive than right side.

LEFT HEMESPHERE= reading, writing, speaking, arithmetic reasoning and understanding

RIGHT HEMESPHERE= visual perception, understanding spatial relationships, recognizing patterns, music, emotional expressions, etc

SEVEN MOST KNOWN FACIAL EXPRESSIONS;

Happiness :), Surprise :O, Anger :X, Fear :L, Sadness :(, Interest  l:), and Disgust :/.

FACIAL EXPRESSION IS INHERITED,

FACIAL EXPRESSION MAKES IT HARD TO LIE!

OPEN POSTURE= FRIENDS,

CLOSED POSTURE= CROSSED ARMS

CONFEDERATE: AN ACTOR OR STOOGE

McGINLEY (1975)

A - To see the effect of postural…