PE - 1.2.5 - A healthy, active lifestyle and your skeletal system

The function of the Skeleton: Joints and Movement

Movement:

• where bones meet they form joints
• which act as levers
• help to generate speed, force and power
• tendons - bone to muscle, enables variety of movement

Support:

• skeleton supports the body while sitting/standing/lying down
• bones and skeleton give the body shape
• act as framework and affecting body size

• bones affect body composition

Protection:

• bones protect vital organs from damage whilst doing sport
• cranium - protects brain
• ribcage and sternum - heart and lungs
• vertebrae - spinal cord

Joints and movement:

• a joint is a place where two or more bones meet
• smooth movement - cartilage at ends of bones
• act as a cushion to stop friction
• joint surrounded by capsule - produces synovial fluid to lubricate joint
• joints allow flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and rotation

Hinge joints:

• elbow joint - allows arm to flex and extend
• biceps and triceps work as an antagonistic pair to produce movement
• knee joint - knee can flex/extend
• movement caused by quadriceps and hamstrings

Ball and socket joints:

• shoulder and hip joints
• bones covered in cartilage
• held together by ligaments
• shoulder capable of flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation

Shoulder joint movement:

• Flexion - decrease angle at a joint - swinging arms back to prepare for dive
• extension - increase angle at a joint - trowing arms formard as swimmer dives
• rotation - movement around a joint - bowling in cricket
• …