OCR B1B: Diet

The Digestive System.

Balanced Diet: Diet that includes healthy, proportional amounts of food from each food group!

Digestion: The breaking of large, complex molecules into smaller molecules that the body can then use in respiration for energy!

The Main Food Groups are:

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  • Carbohydrates (Break down into sugar and starch. Used for energy)
  • Fats (Used for insulation and for reserve energy stores)
  • Fibre (Keep the intestines healthy. Help you go to the toilet)
  • Minerals/Vitamins (Help the immune system, help muscle contractions)
  • Proteins (Help with the growth and repair of cells) (1st Class- Meat, fish, eggs. 2nd Class- Nuts, fruit, vegatables "Don't contain all the essential Amino Acids")

Chemical Digestion: Digestive enzymes!

Physical Digestion: Chewing, peristalsis!

Proteins---> Proteases --->Amino Acids (Cannot be stored ->Liver->Urea->Kidneys/Urine)

Carbohydrates---> Carbohydrases --->Glucose (Stored in liver as Glycogen)

Fats---> Lipases --->Fatty Acids + Glycerol (Stored under skin/around organs

Kwashiorkor: A form of malnutrition when there isn't enough protein in the person's diet!

Risk Factors:

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  • Famine
  • Limited food supply
  • Low levels of education/ No understanding of a proper diet

Symptoms:

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  • Changes in skin pigment
  • Decreased muscle mass
  • Diarrhea
  • Failure to gain weight and grow
  • Fatigue
  • Change in colour of texture of hair
  • Increased/More severe infections (Damaged immune system)
  • Irritability
  • Protruding belly
  • Dermatitis (Rashes)
  • Shock (Late stage)
  • Edema (Swelling)

Tests:

• Arterial blood gas
• BUN
• Complete blood count
• Creatinine clearence
• Serum creatinine
• Serum potassium
• Total protein levels
• Urinalysis

Variations in diet:

Baby:…