NON FATAL OFFENCES

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ASSAULT: - common law offence (no contact or injury has to be made) 

ACTUS REUS: ' causing V to apprehend immediate unlawful force' 

  • Read V Coker; gestures, R V Ireland; spoken words, R V Constanza; written words,     Tuberville V Savage; words can negate an assault, Smith; immediate refers to in the near future

MENS REA: direct intention - Mohan OR recklessness - Cunningham as to causing V to apprehend immediate unlawful force 

BATTERY: - common law offence ( some contact is to be made)

ACTUS REUS:

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