Murder

Murder is a common law offence.Defined in Chief Justice coke:” Murder is the unlawful killing of a human being under the Queen’s Peace with malice aforethought.” 

Actus Reus: 

-The unlawful killing of a reasonable creature in being,under the Queen’s peace. 

-AR can committed by omission in the case of Gibbons and Proctor under the duty to act. 

Reasonable creature in being: 

-Foetus (AG Reference) 

-Brain Dead(Malcherek) 

Causation: 

(1) Factual Causation 

Legal test:But for test (Pagett) 

But for the defendant actions,the victim would not…