Material and Cultural Factors for underachievement

Working-Class Underachievement

External Factors

Material Examples: Housing, money, uniform, books and transport.

Cultural Examples: Parents level of knowledge, codes of language and cultural deprivation.

Working-Class Underachievement.

Parents' attitudes to and interest in education

Amount of Cultural Capital

-Supports that the W/C lack of necessary views, attitudes and knowledge supports necessary for educational success.

Low cultural- watching TV

HIgh cultural- Learning a language and learning an instrument

Restricted Code of Language Use

Bernstein (1975) Language Codes.

W/C

Grammitically Simple

Limited Vocabluary

M/C

Large Vocabluary

Grammitically Complex

Subcultural and values

W/C

Present-time orientation- Seeing the present as more important than the furture and not having long-term goals.

Fatalism- a belief in fate and there is nothing you can do about it.

Collectivism- Valuing being a part of a group more than succeeding as an individual.

Immediate Gratification- Seeking pleasure now rather than making sacrifices in order to get rewards in the future.

M/C

Future Orientation-

Individualism-

Optimism-

Defferred Gratification- Making sacrifices now for greater rewards rather than later.

Parents' level and knowledge of education, and confidence in dealing with school

Cultural 

Douglas and Feinstein-W/C parents are less likely…